Education Reform in China :: Schooling Teaching Essays

Training Reform in China So as to understand the Four Modernization of Industry, Agriculture, Science and Technology, and National Defense Modernization, China started its monetary framework change in 1978. The change was alluded to as marketization, commodification, and socialization. From that point on, the market-arranged framework has been slowly settled to supplant the arranged financial framework, which was embraced for quite a few years (Information China, 1989: 468), and â€Å"the economy has developed at a shocking yearly pace of almost 10%† (Lin, 1997: 66). Following the accomplishment of the financial framework change, Chinese instruction framework is being changed. Verifiably, â€Å"the Chinese consistently put solid accentuation education†(Lin, 1997, 69). For a significant stretch, after the establishing of the People’s Republic of China, to advance the possibility of â€Å"serving the people† and to satisfy the objective of â€Å"the training must serve working class politics,† demonstrated by Mao Zedong, the Chinese government essentially depended on arrangements and authoritative declarations to manage and direct instructive exercises (Wei, 1995:12). For instance, â€Å"the fundamental undertaking for Chineae advanced education to execute the state’s instructive rules and produce specific labor of different sorts in an arranged manner in order to fulfill the requirements of communist construction† (Information China, 1989: 954). In light of the open possession, all schools were state funded schools. The administration gave instructive assets, including advanced education. Moreover, the administration committed compulsory alloted employments framework (Zhou, 1995:15). This training framework was fit to the profoundly concentrated arranged financial framework, however was separated from monetary turn of events. In light of the high speeding of financial turn of events, the Chinese business affected on the Chinese training framework. Pushed by the financial change, the Chinese instruction framework began its change in the mid-1980s. The unwinding of government’s control and the difference in the objective in training The change of the Chinese economy changed the arranged economy recognitions first. The ideas of social arranging from arranged financial framework which depended on the open possession was supplanted by the thoughts of the market-situated monetary framework. New worth thoughts were acknowledged. The â€Å"new esteem focused on close to home interests, material motivating forces, differential prizes, financial proficiency, checked circulation, and competition†(Mok,1997: 262). So the administration changed its capacity from controlling open exercises to offering thorough support.

Statement of Purpose Essay Example for Free

Mission statement Essay I am resolved to turn into a top designer and scientist in radiology, propelling the turn of events and use of this significant innovation. This is a time when data advances, for example, gadgets and software engineering, are mushrooming all through the world. Yet, what about radiological science? Is it a decreasing subject without a future? Obviously not! It is an exploration territory that has an interesting and vital situation in numerous fields, for example, industry and clinical science. In my perspective, radiological science can be delegated a part of data innovation. Why? Joined with software engineering and gadgets, radiology furnishes us with data that was initially thought to be undetectable, for example, the inside structure of metal, the picture of within the human body and even the presence of a divine body far away from us. With the limit of obtaining numerous sorts of significant data, radiology is without a doubt a promising examination field. My underlying enthusiasm for radiological science was started by a visit to the research facility of the Large Container Inspection System (LCIS) when I was a green bean of Tsinghua University. LCIS, uniquely intended for Customs, was one of the key national undertakings assumed responsibility by the Department of Engineering Physics. As a product of radiological science, it can introduce the picture of the inside of an enormous compartment without opening it. The apparently mysterious force was extremely appealing to me, a youngster with a sharp interest and the desire to satisfy achievements in building and applied innovation. In the spring of 1999, I entered the (name) Laboratory and started to help the teacher in examine. The associates work offered me an extraordinary chance to work with and gain from the teachers and graduates in the lab, who had not just shown me a ton of information in radiology, yet in addition dazzled me with their energy and dedication to this field. To be able in the activity, frequently went to the library to understand books and science diaries on radiology, for example, the Nuclear Instruments and Strategies and IEEE Nuclear Science ; Medical Imaging. This perusing, however somewhat troublesome, brought to me important data of the best in class innovation. With my expanding brain and developing interest, I am resolved to turn into a top specialist and scientist in radiology, propelling the turn of events and use of this significant innovation. While perusing the diaries, I found that the US is the best spot to seek after my further examination and research due to its great environment of research in radiology. Furthermore, the University of (name), one pioneer in atomic building, has the alumni program that I most need to be related with. From sites and distributions presenting the (college name), I discovered that you are directing a wide scope of research in radiology, quite a bit of which I am keen on, for example, radiation instrument plan and radiation imaging. With the world-class personnel, propelled office, supporting and testing condition, your master's level college is simply the best spot where I can broaden myself with the most trend setting innovations. I realize that the admission to your school is extremely serious and testing. However, I am sure that I am qualified and solid and steady for it. The undergrad concentrate in Tsinghua has worked for me a strong scholastic establishment in arithmetic and material science just as in my major. Keen and determined, I got extraordinary records in the courses Ive taken and my general GPA is in the top 5% of our area of expertise, for which I have been allowed grants for 4 back to back years. My examination capacity is additionally exceptional. In my school years, I made the most of each chance to upgrade my exploration capacity and advance my examination involvement with my major. I cautiously and innovatively arranged and directed the examinations in all the lab courses, for example, Lab of Physics and Lab of Modern Physics. Over the span of Modern Physical Electronics, I, with one of my colleagues, planned an examination to test the transmission highlight of electrical link utilized in the oil well atomic logging framework, and proposed some guidance to make upgrades. I additionally partook in the SRT (understudy look into preparing) program, accomplishing lab chip away at the use of virtual instrument in radiation location and atomic instrumentation. In the lab, I am valued by my counselor, Professor (name) for I am ready to direct research freely, yet in addition see how to help out others. As an undergrad, I am very much evolved in numerous perspectives. As the screen of the class, I indicated obligation and initiative in my work. For my greatness in English capacity (if it's not too much trouble allude to the Resume), I was chosen as the manager of the University English TV Station and the telecaster of the University English Radio Station. I love sports and participate in numerous fields of it: I am the skipper of the ball group of the class, the fourth spot victor in the University Badminton Tournament and a decent I-go player. In the yearly Comprehensive Quality Assessment taken by the college to scale the understudies all around capacity, I am consistently the top understudy of my group. I can not overlook the days when I was in grade school, short and feeble, continually bombing in the games matches. With my excitement in sports and the assurance to get solid, I began to work out. Each time when I was depleted from running, winded and my legs hurting, it was my tirelessness that had kept me on the track. With my endeavors paying off, my conviction got firmer: assurance and diligence is essential in people groups achievement. With my constancy and solid enthusiasm, just as the scholarly foundation and the examination capacity, I am certain that I am an appropriate possibility for your alumni program. My planned field of study is radiation estimation and imaging, clinical material science and other related territories in radiology science. On the off chance that I could be conceded and monetarily supported, I might want to seek after my PhD degree there. What's more, from that point forward, I will return to China, to enter industry or research establishments to advance the exploration and use of radiological science

16 Substitutes for Because or Because Of

16 Substitutes for Because or Because Of 16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of† 16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of† By Mark Nichol Numerous words or expressions can be utilized to set up a clarification. The most widely recognized is on the grounds that (or â€Å"because of†), however others have their employments. Here are choices and a conversation of their uses and their benefits. 1. As: As is an immediate equivalent for in light of the fact that (for instance, â€Å"He picked not to go see the film, as it had gotten poor reviews†), however it’s sub-par. 2. Because of: This expression subs for â€Å"because of,† not on the grounds that, as in â€Å"As an aftereffect of his intercession, the case was revived and they were at last exonerated.† 3. For whatever length of time that: This casual likeness in light of the fact that is utilized to communicate the idea that given that one thing is happening or will happen or is valid, another is conceivable, in such proclamations as â€Å"As long as you’re going, would you be able to get a few things for me?† 4. Being as (or being as how or being that): This expression has a similar sense and a similar custom as â€Å"as long as.† 5. Taking into account that: This expression is basically indistinguishable in significance to â€Å"as long as† and â€Å"being as† and its variations. 6. Because of: Like â€Å"as an outcome of,† â€Å"due to† is a relational word, as opposed to a combination like in light of the fact that, and is utilized set up not of on the grounds that by itself yet rather than â€Å"because of.† It applies explicitly to a clarification of why something happened or will or won't happen, as in â€Å"Due to the enormous number of utilizations, we can't react independently to each applicant.† 7. For: This substitute for on the grounds that is saved for beautiful utilization, as in â€Å"Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die.† 8. In light of the fact that: This expression is an exceptionally formal likeness on the grounds that, as in â€Å"Inasmuch as his record has been defamed, I wouldn’t think whatever else he says.† 9. Considering the way that: This expression is indistinguishable in sense to â€Å"inasmuch as.† 10. Presently that: This expression casually means circumstances and logical results, as in â€Å"Now that you’re here, we can proceed.† 11. Out of: This expression applies to clarifications of feeling or feeling for instance, â€Å"She solicited out from compassion† or â€Å"Out of resentment, I ceased from passing the message along.† 12. Attributable to: This expression is proportional to â€Å"due to†; the two decisions are more formal than â€Å"because of.† 13. Seeing that: This expression is indistinguishable from â€Å"considering that.† 14. Since: This option to on the grounds that is casual and is viewed as mediocre on the grounds that since essentially alludes to slipped by time and the use may be befuddled, as in â€Å"Since it had come down, we didn’t need to water the garden†; the peruser probably won't understand until perusing the second 50% of the sentence that the sense is causal as opposed to worldly. 15. Because of: This likeness â€Å"because of,† in spite of the wording, can apply to either a positive or a negative result; â€Å"Thanks to your intruding, we’re accepting a lot of undesirable attention† shows the last sense. 16. Through: Through is a relational word; it replaces â€Å"because of,† as in â€Å"Through the endeavors of these foundations, the city’s destitute administrations have been reinstated.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterExpanded and Extended6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

Writing an Argumentative Essay

Writing an Argumentative EssayWriting an argumentative essay can be very difficult to some students, especially those who are not used to writing essays. They tend to believe that writing an argumentative essay involves a complex planning process. In fact, they have to remember and do the very same things they did in the writing of an objective essay. You can help them understand by reading through the following instructions.First, you need to learn how to write the verb tense in all the present tenses. The verb tense is one of the most important parts of a thesis. It is the element which determines how sentences and paragraphs would flow. For example, if you were writing a thesis on the workings of the North Korean army, you would not only use verb tenses like the past tense and the present tense but also tense verbs. You would be using the current tense.In the case studies, you need to show the various parts of your thesis. The first chapter in an argumentative essay outlines the w hole thesis, so the chapter title should be 'Chapter 1' and the first paragraph on the next page should be 'Chapter 1: The First Chapter'.Another reason why many writers muddle up their writing is because they are not sure where to start. Do not worry, you do not have to complete the first few sentences with one kind of sentence, no matter how easy it is. Start the thesis with an action verb, such as 'to go'to write'. Continue by making sentences with two action verbs. From there, you can link each new sentence to the previous one by using the very same verbs.You should also begin by describing the chapter you are going to write in terms of the main ideas of that chapter. And then, you will need to use the same grammar rules for all chapters of the thesis.Do not forget to include in your argumentative essay outline the three subsections which you want to focus on, as well as the other details of the section. You should even include the sentence structure, style, and style of all the pages.Your thesis is your chance to share your thoughts on a particular topic with others. You should use it to showcase your research and knowledge about that topic, while also presenting the importance of your work.

Bacterial Reproduction and Binary Fission

Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that reproduce asexually. Bacterial reproduction most commonly occurs by a kind of cell division called binary fission. Binary fission involves the division of a single cell, which results in the formation of two cells that are genetically identical. In order to grasp the process of binary fission, it is helpful to understand bacterial cell structure. Key Takeaways Binary fission is the process by which a single cell divides to form two cells that are genetically identical to one another.There are three common bacterial cell shapes: rod-shaped, spherical, and spiral.Common bacterial cell components include: a cell wall, a cellular membrane, the cytoplasm, flagella, a nucleoid region, plasmids as well as ribosomes.Binary fission as a means of reproduction has a number of benefits, chief among them is the ability to reproduce in high numbers at a very rapid rate. Since binary fission produces identical cells, bacteria can become more genetically varied through recombination, which involves the transfer of genes between cells. Bacterial Cell Structure Bacteria have varying cell shapes. The most common bacteria cell shapes are spherical, rod-shaped, and spiral. Bacterial cells typically contain the following structures: a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmids, flagella, and a nucleoid region. Cell Wall: An outer covering of the cell that protects the bacterial cell and gives it shape.Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains enzymes, salts, cell components, and various organic molecules.Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane: Surrounds the cells cytoplasm and regulates the flow of substances in and out of the cell.Flagella: Long, whip-like protrusion that aids in cellular locomotion.Ribosomes: Cell structures responsible for protein production.Plasmids: Gene carrying, circular DNA structures that are not involved in reproduction.Nucleoid Region: Area of the cytoplasm that contains the single bacterial DNA molecule. Binary Fission This is a colored transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of an E. coli bacterium in the early stages of binary fission. Credit: CNRI / Getty Images Most bacteria, including Salmonella and E.coli, reproduce by binary fission. During this type of asexual reproduction, the single DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach, at different points,  to the cell membrane.  As the cell begins to grow and elongate, the distance between the two DNA molecules increases. Once the bacterium just about doubles its original size, the cell membrane begins to pinch inward at  the center. Finally, a  cell wall  forms  which separates the two  DNA molecules and divides the original cell into two identical daughter cells. This image shows bacteria growing exponentially in a Petri dish. A single colony can have trillions of bacteria. Wladimir Bulgar / Science Photo Library / Getty Images There are a number of benefits associated with reproduction  through binary fission. A single bacterium is able to reproduce in high numbers at a rapid rate. Under optimum conditions, some bacteria can double their population numbers in a matter of minutes or hours. Another benefit is that no time is wasted searching for a mate since reproduction is asexual. In addition, the daughter cells resulting from binary fission are identical to the original cell. This means that they are well suited for life in their environment. Bacterial Recombination Binary fission is an effective way for bacteria to reproduce, however, it is not without problems. Since the cells produced through this type of reproduction are identical, they are all susceptible to the same types of  threats, such as environmental changes and  antibiotics. These hazards could destroy  an entire colony. In order to avoid such perils, bacteria can become more genetically  varied  through recombination. Recombination involves the transfer of genes between cells.  Bacterial recombination is accomplished through conjugation, transformation, or transduction. Conjugation Some bacteria are capable of transferring pieces of their genes to other bacteria that they contact. During conjugation, one bacterium connects itself to another through a protein tube structure called a pilus. Genes are transferred from one bacterium to the other through this tube. Transformation Some bacteria are capable of taking up DNA from their environment. These DNA remnants most commonly come from dead bacterial cells. During transformation, the bacterium binds the DNA and transports it across the bacterial cell membrane. The new DNA is then incorporated into the bacterial cells DNA. Transduction Transduction is a type of recombination that involves the exchange  of bacterial DNA through bacteriophages. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. There are two types of transduction: generalized and specialized transduction. Once a bacteriophage attaches to a bacterium, it inserts its genome into the bacterium. The viral genome, enzymes, and viral components are then replicated and assembled within the host bacterium. Once formed, the new bacteriophages lyse or split open the bacterium, releasing the replicated viruses.  During the assembling process, however, some of the hosts bacterial DNA may become encased in the viral capsid instead of the viral genome. When this bacteriophage infects another bacterium, it injects the DNA fragment from the previously infected bacterium. This DNA fragment then becomes inserted into the DNA of the new bacterium. This type of transduction is called generalized transduction. In specialized transduction, fragments of the host bacteriums DNA become incorporated into the viral genomes of the new bacteriophages. The DNA fragments can then be transferred to any new bacteria that these bacteriophages infect. Sources Reece, Jane B., and Neil A. Campbell. Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings, 2011.

How We See Ourselves And Our Abilities - 2244 Words

The purpose of this story was to illustrate the importance of how we see ourselves and our abilities. Many people view intelligence and other skills as gifts that they either have or they do not. If Sally were to do poorly on her final exams, it would be a devastating indication in her eyes, that she does not have the ability to do well. Despite what her mother said, she would think that she is not the â€Å"smartest, most gifted, brilliant kid there is.† She then would place less value in studying because there would be no point if she was going to perform poorly anyways. She would rather invest her time in something she is better at enjoys. For some people, however, failure is not an indication that they do not have the ability to do well, but rather an indication that they must make some changes and never give up in order to gain that ability. The way people view their abilities and interpret the reasons for their behavior can be crucial in determining their success (Aronso n et al., 2013). Obsessed with understanding how people cope with failures, Psychologist Carol Dweck conducted an experiment with elementary school students during which she brought children, one at a time to a room in their school, made them feel relaxed, and then proceeded to give them a series of puzzles to solve that increased each time in the level of difficulty. Dweck initially believed that people either choose to cope with failure or they refused to cope. She discovered from this study that manyShow MoreRelated7 Habits Of Highly Effective People By Stephen R. Covey1419 Words   |  6 PagesEffective People† by Stephen R. Covey he explains how the world is entirely based on our own perception. In order to change a situation, we must change ourselves, and in order to change ourselves we have to change our perception. These days, individuals look for quick solutions. They see successful people, companies, and organizations that have achieved success and wonder how they can get a hold of t heir techniques. The problem is these shortcuts that we all look for, hoping to save time and energy andRead MoreEssay on Dr. Daedalus, Lauren Slater essay which depicts her opinions on memes1658 Words   |  7 Pagesby altering our physical selves to emulate something more animal, our brains, and possibly even our souls, we become somehow more animal as well. She feels that we transform, and become more animal like every time we alter our body into the form of an animal. Slater is correct to point out that when we change our self to look more like animals we might have more in physical features in common with them, but she fails to look at how our identities do not change. We look different, but we are as muchRead MoreWe Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pages Life without technology, is that even possible? In today’s time, we as a society have become mentally and physically engrossed in technology. Whether it is an iPhone, iPad , or iMac, we are engaging in digital technology as an escape from the outside world. Sherry Turkle, a psychologist and professor at MIT, now the author of Alone Together: Why We Expect More From Technology and Less From Each Other, has been studying how people and digital technology get along for thirty years. She suggests thatRead MoreSocial Cognition And Interaction Influence On Society1348 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Cognition and Interaction While analyzing the impact of the interaction of self and the society we see that the self generally influences the society. This is done by actions of individuals which lead to the creation of groups, networks and organizations of people. On the other hand society also affects and molds an individual with its shared values and collective norms which helps in giving an individual its identity and a role in the society. An example of this type of interaction wouldRead MoreShooting An Elephant, By Alice Walker And Everyday Use1026 Words   |  5 PagesWe have different identities based on our cultural, ethnic, racial and religious differences. These identities will affect how we see ourselves since we might have different responsibilities, job duties and backgrounds. In the two literature stories â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† and â€Å"Everyday Use†, Alice Walker and George Orwell both show how identity is connected to how we see ourselves in the present. In the story â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, the main character is a white policeman in British Burma. He receivedRead MoreWorkable Plan to Improve Emotional Intelligence at Work Place1237 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligence is and how it may help to build a better personality and better worker, this paper is to discuss about to two main competencies of Emotional Intelligence. The first one is the Personal Competencies and the other is Social Competencies. By understanding these competencies, employees gain the knowledge of how to create a better workplace not just for those individuals, but for others around them, as well. â€Å"Emotional Intelligence refers to the capacity for recognizing our own feelings andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cave Wall 896 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media, it is our modern cave wall, the cave wall paintings have shown us that even early man have wanted to create an identity through art, even though we don not have knowledge of the individual(s) identity, we know of their existence. Throughout humanity the image can be viewed as a conceptual idea, the actual capturing an image, making this object has only been around for 170 years, however are brains have the ability to capture images, not only that it can capture images and renders themRead MoreClient Centered Therapy : Concepts Of Human Nature, Motivation, And The Person Essay1705 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ability to overcome challenges, change their lives for the better and realize their full potential (Seligman, 2006). Rogers emphasized the humanistic approach to working with clients by establishing a therapeutic relati onship with them, promoting the individual s self-esteem, supporting them and helping them to realize and utilize their own strengths and have a sense of actualization and authenticity in their lives (Seligman, 2006). This therapeutic approach encourages clinicians to see client’sRead MoreThe Self Essay532 Words   |  3 Pagesthroughout life, helps mold our â€Å"self.† As humans we have the ability to see ourselves from the outside, and all through life we try to see what others see and our â€Å"self† revolves around the generalized other. We observe how others perceive us and we make conclusions depending on our observations. How we act around others depends on the image we feel they have towards us. Charles Horton Cooley, a symbolic interactionist, concluded that our sense of â€Å"self† developsRead MoreHow Does Language: Allow Self Reflection? Organize Perceptions? Allow Hypothetical Thought? Explain the Connection Between Language and Perception. Use a Specific Example to Illustrate This Connection.690 Words   |  3 PagesWe use language to reflect upon ourselves and what we want others to think of us. Language allows self-reflection in this way. It helps us gain an understanding of who we are as individuals and as leaders. It allows us to analyze and/or monitor our communications. In order for us to be truly effective at leading others, we have to be effective at leading ourselves. If we are not able to really know ourselves, we are only being deluded into thinking that we can lead ourselves. Self-reflection also

Nurses Knowledge Of Pharmacology Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Nurses Knowledge Of Pharmacology. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the article titled, Nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they commonly administer by Ndosi Newell (2009). In the context of the article the assignment discuses the importance of the study, the aims, objectives, research design, data collection, and results obtained from the study. Importance of the study I think that the research is very important not only for Singapore but globally. It is because of the necessity of supplementary pharmacology education for nurses to gain knowledge on drugs they commonly administer. Nurses require this knowledge due to changing nature of the therapeutic regimes, and because they are the front line carers. Lack of pharmacology knowledge may lead to medication error and adverse consequences (Smeulers et al., 2014). Therefore, the authors make the strong case for the study. Title and aims The title of the article is clear and concise. In 9 words the title gives the readers the idea about the research being conducted. However, it does not give a hint of the study nature that is qualitative or quantitative. The aim of the study is clearly stated, which is to determine if the nurses who administer medicines posses adequate knowledge of pharmacology. Further, the study aims to identify if the knowledge is related to their education background or experience. In think the aims and objectives of the study are achieved. Study design The study employed non-experimental causal comparative and correlational design for this research. The research design is appropriate as this is used for identifying the associations among the variables. It is useful to determine the existing differences and the consequences of it among the group of participants (Garber Hollon, 2015). The first and second hypothesis can be well addressed with this design. Data is collected through questionnaire and structured interview method. The instrument selected is justified as it can collect both subjective and objective data from nurses. It will help in measuring the relation between the variables that is education, knowledge and experience level. A small sample size of 42 may hamper the study results (Avery et al., 2014). Results The results of the study are clear and convincing as the data is well presented with charts and bar graphs. The results were statistically significant when measuring the knowledge differences between the junior and senior nurses. Poor pharmacology knowledge was evident among the nurses. The results indicated the correlation between the experience and the knowledge. Discussion The study had provided detailed discussion for the results obtained. The justification for the sample population chosen and the general reason for the low rate of response were also provided. It is convincing to read how the methodology helped in obtaining desired data. The author conducted a thorough literature review that well supported that the data obtained on pharmacology knowledge, Nurses experience and pharmacology knowledge, Nurse Grades and educational background. The study fails to address the learning trends among the nurses and other areas such as pharmacokinetics, drug dosage calculations. Further research The suggestions for further research on this topic are clear and helpful as there is a need of bigger and better sampling and various methods to further explore this area in Singapore. The recommendation on use of cluster sampling will omit the limitations of previous study. Further studies on this topic in Singapore can include the nurses drug dosage calculation and pharmacokinetics. References Avery, C. L., Der, J. S., Whitsel, E. A., Strmer, T. (2014). Comparison of study designs used to detect and characterize pharmacogenomic interactions in non-experimental studies: a simulation study.Pharmacogenetics and genomics,24(3), 146. Garber, J., Hollon, S. D. (2015). Specificity designs.The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology. Ndosi, M. E., Newell, R. (2009). Nurses knowledge of pharmacology behind drugs they commonly administer.Journal of clinical nursing,18(4), 570-580. Smeulers, M., Onderwater, A. T., Zwieten, M. C., Vermeulen, H. (2014). Nurses' experiences and perspectives on medication safety practices: an explorative qualitative study.Journal of nursing management,22(3), 276-285.