Analysis Of Do I Know You By Bette Ann Maskowitz - 1111 Words

Doubt, concern, anger, pain, hopelessness. Words to describe the ageing process; which starts at birth and does not end until death. In the memoir â€Å"Do I Know You† by Bette Ann Maskowitz, creates an unforgettable portrait of an ordinary woman at the end of her life. A touching account of the author`s and her sister`s attempt to aid and assist their mother as she grows older and must cope with her declining health. The memoir went exactly how I thought it would be. Bette Ann Markowitz’s situation of taking care of a parent who has Alzheimer is very common; having an aging parent who can no longer fend for themselves. Markowitz is not an only child so she had to constantly consult her sibling on â€Å"what is the best option† (Moskowitz41),†¦show more content†¦What are you talking about, hospital? She thinks all the women in white are from her manicure salon. She calls me, screaming, Call the police, help me, call the police, because she is being held against her will and I am the only one who can save her† (36). Mary`s memory started to diminish. Visualize waking up one day and completely forgetting where you are or how you got there. Forgetfulness is a sign and effect of Alzheimer disease. â€Å"When I find her on boardwalk, moments later, unperturbed, wearing a hat, she isn`t clear about whether she went to meet me or forgot that I was coming, and when I press her she says, Oh, well, I forgot about it now, here we are† (22). â€Å"Alzheimer`s disease is called a family disease† (ALZlive), because it impacts every family member who is slowly watching a loved one decline. Alzheimer’s disease has an impact on caretakers because caregivers can lead to a variety of emotions, from guilt to anger. When dealing with a client who has Alzheimer; caretakers have a huge responsibility, which can cause stress or depression. If the caretaking is a family member it might lead to finical problems, which can lead to the hard and controversial decision of putting someone in a nursing home, that is better equipped. Guilt is the main emotion that a caretaker can express â€Å"I have never spoken to my mother`s doctor, it occurs to me that other children of

What Do Current Members Have For Say About Folkeautomaten

Blog 16 - What do current members have to say about Folkeautomaten? Norway has always been known as an online casino hotbed, but it seems that the temperature within the market has skyrocketed as of late. How this has come about is through the popularisation of a recently launched online casino as Folkeautomaten, is the brand name of the moment. Industry experts by all accounts have it earmarked for the top next year, with thousands players seemingly intrigued by all that this online is bringing to the table. Taking into consideration the current state of the online casino landscape, it is clear that there is certainly room for an online casino to step out from the rest. Will Folkeautomaten be the name to emerge from the crowded online†¦show more content†¦On the surface it is clear that Folkeautomaten is doing plenty to entice new players. The game selection is another positive point, one user in particular raved about the game selection at hand. He said, â€Å"You simply don’t expect to see such a huge game selection from such a young online casino. After browsing through all that is available I clocked that there were over 400 games available. I haven’t quite seem an online casino game selection quite like it I’m being honest†. Looking at Folkeautomaten, it is clear that the most players are impressed by the collection of games provided by the likes of Microgaminga and NetEnt. Current members have plenty to say about Folkeautomaten, with it largely being positive. However, it seems that some users are longing for the online casino to tweak a few things in order to help make it the perfect experience. Bonuses and promotions seem to be a consistent (albeit small) bone of contention for some users. One user seemed particularly disappointed with what was offered, â€Å"New players are immediately handed â‚ ¬10 upon registration, which is obviously great. But I found, at least some of the time anyway, that they didn’t really offer up much else†. Another player added, â€Å"I love Folkeautomaten, but I just wish that they would give me a little more for depositing regularly†. Listening to these comments, it seems that

Hip Hop as a Cultural Movement free essay sample

What first comes to mind nowadays when you hear the word ‘hip-hop’? Most people think of a gangster embellished in large diamonds, sporting baggy clothes, huge cars, all with a general disregard for the welfare of humanity. It wasn’t always like this: hip-hop was originally born as a recreational activity, used as an outlet to cope with poverty. The notion of hip-hop has clearly changed in a big way since the advent of hip-hop culture back in the 1970s. Contrary to popular belief, hip-hop is truly a deep-rooted culture that has used rap music as its medium to appeal to its audiences. But time and time again, people have generally disregarded hip-hop as a cultural movement due to the violent themes and shock value contained within hip-hop’s rap music. Author William Perkins explains that in retrospect, no one has really taken the initiative to examine hip-hop’s intricacies, namely the roles it has played within cultures all around the world (vii). We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop as a Cultural Movement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Not only that, but general criticism of rap only targets the surface of the culture; there is much more to a culture than just its music. Nevertheless, the reasons for its worldwide appeal go much deeper than the profanity and clothing styles that people see on the surface. Hip-hop is the cornerstone of self-expression, and it is also a culture that emphasizes racial, class, and gender value within a society. In this sense, hip-hop can be considered to be a genuine cultural movement despite the controversy because of its emphasis on self-expression and appeal to youth culture. A cultural movement is roughly defined as ‘a group of people working together to advance certain goals’. But before we can fully understand what hip-hop culture is, we need to understand its history. In his article, writer Peter Katel traces the development of rap quite well. Created in the Bronx, hip-hop had began to make itself known in 1967, when DJs discovered rhythmic breaks in a record track, as rappers matched their lyrics to the beat, and created what we know now as hip-hop (Katel 538). Hip-hop especially appealed to the black teens of New York, and was defined into four main branches by a famous disc jockey named Kool Herc: DJing, breakdancing, graffiti, and rapping (Katel 538). Although hip-hop was beginning to find its place within the Bronx, poverty plagued the Bronx neighborhoods. Author Jeff Chang reports, â€Å"†¦average per capita income dropped to $2,430†¦the youth unemployment rate hit 60 percent† (13). The entire community was pressured by financial problems; many people were looking for an emotional outlet for their stress. Since hip-hop culture was relatively new at the time, the curiosity of Bronx youth led them to explore just what this new culture was all about. While rap is clearly the most outspoken form of hip-hop, newcomers to the scene quickly took interest in at least one of the four elements. As they continued to develop their skills, eventually the four elements all came together in the form of a ‘battle’. From previous experience, I have learned that battles are arenas where hip-hoppers face off against each other, competing to see who is better than the other through either breakdance or rap. Perkins defines a battle as a form of â€Å"ritualized insult† (16). But this form of competition was not hostile; in fact, battles like these promoted creativity and attitude, which appealed to the curiosity of Bronx youth. Through hip-hop’s four elements, most notably rap, hip-hop’s followers found a way that helped them to cope with the problems in their society. But what is rap? Katel defines rap as â€Å"performance poetry, recited without accompaniment and known in its rap-spinoff form as ‘spoken word’†¦the clearest example of hip-hop culture extending itself beyond its turntable-spinning roots† (535). Rap generally represents the vocal side of hip-hop. Using rap as a form of expression, rap artists began to make themselves known around the world, drawing influences from life in the poverty stricken Bronx. Perkins explains how rap’s focal point is self-expression through vocal means, through the poetic style that was used by famous rap artists such as Run DMC (10). Little did the hip-hop community know, this emphasis on self-expression would lead to a full-blown controversy. While hip-hop embodies self-expression as a whole, rap took the ideal and took it to a whole new level: a new form of rap music, ‘gangsta rap’, emerged as a byproduct of the individuality that hip-hop followers pride themselves on. Author Tricia Rose sums up this controversy by saying â€Å"a key aspect of much of the criticism that has been leveled at hip-hop is the laim that it glorifies, encourages, and causes violence† (34). Riddled with misogyny and violence, rap has come under fire from numerous critics saying that the music itself is socially inappropriate. Author Rachel Sullivan explains how these opinions and attitudes towards rap music created a public view of hip-hoppers as Afr ican American low-lifes, and how rap was blamed for supposedly generating a violent fan base (607). It doesn’t help the situation when rappers tend to revel in their ‘gangsta’ lifestyles. As a response to general criticism, rap artists have used a term called ‘keeping it real’ to defend their music, saying that rap music refers to the hardships of street life in the Bronx community (Rose 134). But while the battle continued to rage on within the rap scene, others were forming their own opinions as well. Ironically, as the controversy grew, so did the success of commercialized rap. Sullivan points out this irony with a statistic of rap album sales in the states: â€Å"Billboard’s top 100 albums of April 11, 1998, included 13 rap albums, whereas Billboard’s top 100 albums of January 20, 2001, included 21 rap acts† (609). As more and more debates about violent content began to pop-up, the rappers began to take different sides on the situation. Some rappers emphasized moral themes and racial pride in their songs, while others stubbornly stuck to the stereotype, producing rap with derogatory content and focusing on financial profit. Author Todd Boyd describes this conflict: within rap culture, there were now two different groups of rappers: the socially conscious group, and the gangsta rap group (51). Despite the controversy, rap’s influence can’t be ignored. The main reason for the controversy surrounding hip-hop can be chalked up to one thing: a misunderstanding between cultures. While rap has been the target of criticism from around the world, most of them are so quick to bash rap for its content that they completely ignore hip-hop as a whole. Boyd explains that when dealing with hip-hop, critics tend to follow the ideas of other critics, leaving them with a shallow understanding of the culture itself (57-58). Don’t get me wrong, I agree with the fact that the derogatory content in modern rap cannot be denied, but I believe that it goes towards a greater purpose. What people don’t realize is that hip-hop is essentially an extension of black culture, except in a much more visual and vocal form. However, if we took the time to understand hip-hop in context, maybe the motives behind rap music may become much more clear. Hip-hop’s evolution has been a process: the influence of its culture wasn’t something that was simply created overnight. Boyd gives an explanation of the evolution of rap backed by its hip-hop roots, through the tale of hip-hop mogul Nas, saying that the way he hasn’t changed the content of his lyrics reflects hip-hop’s immovability and unchanging message (90-93). The history of rapper Nas can be used as a way to explain the motivations behind the hip-hop message. But there are reasons for the violence in rap music. Boyd explains that rappers draw influence from hip-hop’s history, and that this history provides a strong foundation for rappers to build from (88-89). In a way, hip-hop is trapped by its own violent history. But this same history is what allowed rap artists to go so far with their music and explains its commercial appeal to its audiences around the world. The power of language is the powerful driving force that gave rap its much-needed momentum to make hip-hop known in American society. Rap essentially tells a story of hip-hop life, and author Geneva Smitherman explains how rap lyrics represent the Black language style, which is â€Å"often woven into a narrative† (12). Most of rap comes from its roots in black history, and draws upon earlier works from that history. Smitherman explains this practice called ‘sampling’, which takes samples of beats in songs created in the past and puts them unchanged into a new song with different lyrics (16). This recycling of song material creates songs that are both new and old, a trend of which still continues today. In fact, much of this sampling plays a key role in preserving the true nature of hip-hop culture: since the culture’s outspoken quality, rap, has not changed dramatically, its initial purpose is still intact. Smitherman goes on to say that rap has saved certain rap artists from a life on the street and has given them another chance in society (21). But as hip-hop continues to be commercially successful, most cultures have not taken the time to understand hip-hop and the motives behind the lyrics. Not only has hip-hop expanded its ideals as a culture, but also the backbone of its success was the diversity of culture that hip-hop drew its influence from. Author Robert Thompson explains this when he says that being in the Bronx during the early days of hip-hop was to be part of a diverse, multicultural experience (Perkins 214). Generally, rap music is a reflection of black culture: the spirit and cultural energy that black culture exudes is a key factor in the commercialization of hip-hop, as he culture’s defiant nature fueled the hip-hop phenomena. Smitherman also agrees with this when she says that hip-hop is a â€Å"resistance culture† (7). Smitherman also emphasizes that many of the themes promoted in hip-hop directly reinforce resistance against white racism and pressures from foreign culture’s influences (7). This social defiance fueled the individuality that followers of hip-hop admired, and contributed to its worldwide appeal. Contrary to popular belief, the music itself can be considered to be a hip-hop education. Although rap artists tend to lean towards violent themes in their music this seemingly socially irresponsible approach sends out a message, although it may not seem so. Rose explains that rap’s daringness to talk about issues of sex and race is a way of speaking out to society, but hip-hop itself is quickly criticized for being too daring (8). If hip-hop were to not speak up about these things, then who would? Rose also says that hip-hop has become a way to spread their life story for rappers, with music as one of the only forms of media that allows it (135). With their music, rap artists carry with them a focus on identity. In this sense, the rap itself is an extension of the culture: since the rappers themselves may not be able to travel, they are using their music as a medium to convey their message to the outside world. But who is the main audience for such a message? Surprisingly, the main demographic of the rap audience happens to be white adolescents. Drawn in by the shock value of gangsta rap, these kids began to attune themselves to the gangsta life, dressing in similar clothes, using the same slang, and listening to rap; things that were seen as ‘cool’ by their peers. But what effect does rap truly have on its audience? Sullivan did a study on this, finding that â€Å"many young African Americans appear to be looking at rap for its messages about life and its aesthetically pleasing sound, yet Whites seem to be listening because of the aesthetically pleasing sound† (616). Unlike what critics have been saying about rap’s promotion of violence and the influence on its listeners, this is not necessarily the case. Rose explains this form of appeal to violence when she says â€Å"it makes rappers more accessible, more reflective of some of the lived experiences and conditions that shape the lives of some of their fans† (38). Unfortunately, violence is an inseparable part of hip-hop culture. Think about it: if rap artists were to eliminate violence from their music, it would no longer be classified hip-hop. We live in an era of violence; the cartoons kids watch, the movies we see, the music we hear on the radio, all of it usually contains violence in some way or form. But Rose explains that hip-hop uses violence to garner public attention, using violence as a selling tool to spread its message (41-42). But despite the fact that the hip-hop has been adopted by audiences around the world, hip-hop’s influence has not been fully realized by the public and is still not seen a genuine culture. Hip-hop is a formidable force as both a bustling industry and a culture. Rappers serve to satisfy hip-hop’s goal of self-expression through its various elements that encompass individuality and a taste of black culture. The effects of hip-hop culture cannot be denied, as it is evident in the clothing styles and words of worldwide youth. Most of all, hip-hop is a genuine cultural movement due to its strong multicultural backing and the momentum of its influence. It makes one wonder how something as simple as poetry was able to have such a huge impact on our society. Not only has hip-hop caused us to reevaluate our positions on violence and black culture, it has raised awareness of other issues dealing with social identity and the roles we play in our society. and But even as hip-hop continues to generate controversy, the message contained in rap lyrics is still going strong. But instead of harshly criticizing hip-hop, we should embrace it, so that we can better understand its intentions and true meaning. Even to this day, through the driving force of its music, hip-hop’s influence continues to spread across the globe and expand as a culture, and currently shows no signs of slowing down.

Bless Me Essay Example For Students

Bless Me Essay Bless me, Ultima Essay What is faith? Does everyone have faith? Is faith believing in something you havent seen but you think is true? All of these questions have an answer and in Bless me, Ultima by Rodolfo Anaya these questions are important. In fact, many people question their faith because they are confused about what they see or hear. In Bless me, Ultima, Rudolfo Anaya shows that on this world there are many types of faith one believes in. The author uses imagery, folklore, and dream sequences to convey the meaning of Bless me, Ultima. Anaya uses imagery to show how Christianity and witchcraft are two different beliefs, and they are in conflict with each other. The imagery provides a picture of Tonys conflict of Ultima dying. For example, When Tony was next to Ultima he knew she was going to die. As Ultima was dying, Her voice very weak, her eyes already glazed with death. 260 Anaya makes that imagery for us to see what Tony was seeing. Second, Anaya uses dream sequences to show that Tony has conflicts with himself about his beliefs. He questions his belief in this dream because he is afraid of what he might find out. In his dream Tony says, Everything I believe in was destroyed. A painful wrenching in my heart made me cry aloud, why God? my God, why have you forsaken me! 243 Tony cannot accept what is happening. Why do all good people have to die? In fact, Anaya uses folklore in this story to show that every language there is folklore about religions that believes in. Therefore, in this part it says The Agua Negra was the land of the Commanche Indians. Three Commanche raided the flock of one. So grandfather Tellez hanged them and left them strung on a tree. Now their souls wandered around the ranch. 227 This is one folklore from the story. Many are passed down from generation to generation. In conclusion, Anaya showed how Tony had many conflicts with himself about religion and beliefs. Any beliefs that one has are going to be different from someone elses. In Bless me, Ultima Rodolfo Anaya shows that this earth are many types of faiths. Yet, one has a freedom to choose ones path in life. Whether is to believe in a god or not.

Harold Bloom and T.S Eliot free essay sample

Support your arguments with apposite literary examples. Literary critics have always recognized the ‘tension between the uniqueness of artistic creation and the awareness of tradition, and the tension between the acknowledgment of literary influence and its rejection’. Nowadays, writers are judged according to their originality and uniqueness. However, as T.S Eliot in ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’ and Harold Bloom in The Anxiety of Influence suggest, a writer should not be evaluated in these terms, but rather, on how he produces art by acknowledging his predecessors. Nevertheless, they declare that the poet must not imitate blindly previous poets. Henceforth, this essay will aim to portray further the ideas put forth my Bloom and T. S. Eliot, showing comparisons and contrasts in their arguments. Both critics, in their essays, try to define the great poet. In The Anxiety of Influence, Bloom states that his ‘concern is only with strong poets, major figures with the persistence to wrestle with their strong precursors, even to the death’. We will write a custom essay sample on Harold Bloom and T.S Eliot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, he exhorts the idea that the strong poet must not repeat his predecessors but look to them to be original. He claims that ‘poetic influence†¦ often makes [the poetry] more original’. Thus, he employs the idea that the poet must misinterpret previous works to create something personal; the poet must deny influence by intentionally ‘misreading’. A poem must purge itself from any influence but through this purgation should display the particular influence at work. Hence, the ideas of ‘misinterpretation’ and ‘poetic misprision’, advocates the idea that past poets always have an effect on their descendants. Bloom goes so far as to add that ‘the meaning of a poem can only be another poem’. In addition, Bloom introduces six revisionary ratios that represent the poet’s cycle to achieve greatness. Firstly, he discusses ‘Clinamen’ or ‘Poetic misprision’: a type of corrective movement in present poetry. This implies that the precursor poem was accurate to a certain extent, but it should have swerved further, precisely in the direction of the present poem. The second ratio, ‘Tessera’, is the way the poet completes his precursor’s work by reading the ‘parent-poem’ as to keep its terms but to mean something else ‘as though the precursor had failed to go far enough’. Thirdly, Bloom deals with ‘Kenosis’, which refers to the defence mechanism the poet’s mind employs in order to avoid repetition. He moves on to explore ‘Daemonization’ which is the ‘movement towards a personalized counter-sublime’ meaning that the present poet believes that there is a power in the parent poem that does not belong solely to the predecessor. He moves on further to introduce the term ‘Askesis’ which is the poet’s progression to reach a state of solitude. This mode of being allows the poet to ‘yield up part of his own human and imaginative endowment, so as to separate himself from others, including his precursor’. Finally, ‘Apophrades’ is the stage in which the poet ‘holds his poem so open again to the precursor’s work that at first we might believe the wheel has come full circle, and that we are back in the later poet’s flooded apprenticeship, before his strength began to assert itself in the revisionary ratios’. Significantly, many of the ideas put forth by Bloom are clearly seen in many literary works, including Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock. Epic conventions are predominant in Pope’s poem as he uses such conventions to enforce his argument against his society. In this respect, Pope ‘misreads’ epic writers such as Homer and John Milton and uses their works to evoke something of more urgency to him. In his poem, he evokes what his predecessors failed to display through the epic style; he uses epic conventions not to present the reader with a grandeurs story but to strengthen his satirical tone when portraying trivial things, such as the cutting of a lock, as being of great importance to his contemporary society. This can be seen in the way battle scenes and armours are bestowed throughout. In The Iliad, Homer describes in considerable detail the armour of the great Achilles, as well as the battlefield trappings of other heroes. In The Rape of the Lock, Pope describes Belinda preparing herself with combs and  pins noting that ‘Now awful beauty puts on all its arms’. Likewise, in Canto three, the rendering of the card game as a battle constitutes an amusing narrative: Four Knaves in garbs succinct, a trusty band, Caps on their heads, and halberts in their hand; And particolored troops, a shining train, Draw forth to combat on the velvet pain. By parodying the battle scenes of the great epic poems, Pope is suggesting that the energy and passion once exhausted on brave and serious matters is now expended on such insignificant trials as games and gambling. The structure of the three attempts, by which the lock is cut, is a convention of heroic challenges, particularly in the romance genre. The romance is further invoked in the image of Clarissa arming the Baron, ‘So Ladies in Romance assist their Knight, Present the Spear, and arm him for the Fight. However, instead of an actual weapon, it is the scissors that Clarissa gives to the Baron which Pope grandiosely describes as ‘the glittring  Forfex’. Furthermore, as in The Iliad, The Odyssey, Aeneid and Paradise Lost, supernatural beings take part in the action. However, whereas in In  The Iliad  and  Aeneid these were the Greek gods and in Paradise Lost they were God and Satan,  in The Rape of the Lock  the supernatural creatures are the sylphs, gnomes, nymphs, and salamanders that are rather fairy-like incarnations of coquettish, prudish women, respectively. The sylphs serve in place of the gods who watch over the heroes of epics and guide their fortune. Moreover, like supernatural beings in classical epics, there is a journey by the gnome to the Underworld. Umbriel’s journey to the Cave of Spleen mimics the journeys to the underworld made by both  Odysseus  and  Aeneas. However, whereas in Virgil’s Aeneid, Aeneas is able to enter Hades because he carries the golden bough, Pope parodies this passage, changing the golden bough to a plant that was delivered to cure the spleen; The plant symbolising ‘wild female emotions’. Furthermore, Pope can be viewed as taking the works of his predecessors and creating the genre of the mock-heroic epic through the ‘misreading’ and revisionary ratios introduced by Bloom. Moreover, in ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’, Eliot proposes that one should not praise the writer in isolation from his ancestors, if the poet is a great one than there will be signs of previous poets in his work. Eliot claims that ‘the most individual parts of his work may be those in which the dead poets, his ancestors, assert their immortality most vigorously’. Moreover, he goes on to describe the ‘great labour’ one has to go through to obtain such tradition. First, the poet must have a historical sense, meaning that one has to know about his predecessors and view them and himself as a writer in simultaneous order. This sense of ‘the timeless as well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional’. Similar to Bloom’s ideas about the writer becoming more original when he has knowledge about his successor, Eliot suggests that the more the writer is exposed to past writers the more conscious of ‘his contemporaneity’ he becomes. However, Eliot goes one step further than Bloom when it comes to his ideas about the poet himself. He believes that the ‘progress of an artist is a continual self-sacrifice, a continual extinction of personality’. In order to strengthen this idea of ‘depersonalization’ or ‘impersonal theory of poetry’, he creates an analogy of a catalyst. He explains that ‘when the two gases†¦ are mixed in the presence of a filament of platinum, they form sulphurous acid. This combination takes place only if the platinum is present; nevertheless the newly formed acid contains no trace of platinum, and the platinum itself is apparently unaffected†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Thereby, the poet is the platinum and it may function on the experience of the man himself. However, the more perfect the artist is, the more separate the man who suffers and the man who creates are. Hence, the elements which are present in the transformation of catalyst are the feelings and emotions of the writer. Furthermore, he concludes his argument by affirming his idea that ‘Poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of personality, but an escape from personality. But, Of course, only those who have personality and emotions know what it means to want to escape from these things’. Relatively, Eliot’s ideas on the importance of tradition in descendants’ work are depicted in many literary works, such as Percy Shelley’s ‘Adonais’. The poem was composed in accordance to the tradition of the pastoral elegy, particularly structured on John Milton’s ‘Lycidas’. Firstly, Shelley states ‘I weep for Adonais-he is dead! l O, weep for Adonais! ’. This declaration of the dead and the invitation to grieve for his death is commonly found in other pastoral elegies such as Milton’s ‘Lycidas’: ‘Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear, l Compels me to disturb your season due: l For  Lycidas  is dead, dead ere his prime’. Similarly, Shelley also refers to ‘the mountain shepherds [who] came l their garlands sere’ which are common images in the tradition of the pastoral elegy. Significantly, Shelley uses the name Adonais to refer to John Keats. Adonis was known, in Greek Mythology, as the handsome youth whom the goddess Venus loved and who was killed tragically by boars. Shelley parallels this legend to his contemporary Keats claiming, in his preface to the poem, that the ‘savage criticism on his Endymion, which appeared in the Quarterly Review, produced the most violent effect on his susceptible mind; the agitation thus originated ended in the ruture of a blood-vessel in the lungs†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Thus, Shelley uses Greek Mythology to portray Keats as sharing a spiritual identity with a mortal god and to compare the critics, who he claimed were the cause of his death, to the wild boars. Moreover, the poet pitifully urges the fallen Adonais’ mother, Urania. In her, Shelley combines both the Venus of the Adonis myth and the muse of astronomy. Moreover, the reference to such a figure abides by the conventions of the pastoral elegy. In addition, he abides by the pastoral as he draws on the ‘most musical of mourners, [who] weep anew! ’. Subsequently, Shelley’s elegy possesses what Eliot refers to as the ‘historical sense’ as he uses figures of Greek mythology and places them within the conventions of the Virgilian elegy as he brings them together with his present situation. There seems to be a range of traditions all leading up to the present moment. Moreover, both Eliot and Bloom create a clear distinction between the great poet and the weak poet. In both essays, the weak poet is presented as the individual who ignores the tradition or predecessors of literature. However, they assert that the poet should not simply imitate dead writers. In Eliot’s views the writer should be aware of the past traditions and eliminate his personality when writing literature. Accordingly, one may suggest that Eliot proposes that a weak writer is the individual who writes in isolation from other poets and is somewhat original and different. On the other hand, Bloom suggests that the weak writer is the person who imitates his precursors without any new and personal ideas. Significantly, both poets agree, to a certain extent, what constitutes a good writer but contrast in the way they view the effects of the personality and innovation of the writer as an individual on the literary work. Furthermore, the canon plays a dominant role in literary influence. It is the canon which consists of past writers and it is the quintessential state many writers long to be in. However, although the canon has a substantial role when discussing literary influence, not all critics agree on what happens to it when new writers enter the field. Bloom suggests that although a writer can achieve excellence when ‘misreading’ writers in the canon, they can never equal them in greatness because the poet’s ‘quest’ to write poetry ‘encompasses necessarily the diminishment of poetry [which] seems inevitable’. In an interview, Bloom had enforced his ideas by saying that ‘Seamus Heaney is a very good poet [but] he is not William Butler Yeats. Geoffrey Hill is a very good poet [but] he is not Thomas Hardy’. In fact, his idea insists that as poetry evolves it weakens and this will eventually lead to ‘the death of poetry’. On the other hand, Eliot has completely different ideas regarding what happens to the canon as other writers develop. He exhorts that as writers enter the area of literature, previous writers of the canon are replaced. In this sense, ‘the past should be altered by the present as much as the present is directed by the past’. One might have expected Eliot to convey such an idea being that he was writing poetry himself at the time. In conclusion, ‘In literature, as in other arts, the most visible references are represented in the literary canon’. Eliot and Bloom appear to be in agreement about such ideas of literary influence and although they contrast on certain issues their main argument remains the same: literary works must be aware of previous works in order to flourish. However, living in an age in which marketing is highly influential on who the public can refer to as a ‘writer’, it is important to note that ‘success in the market and success in reputational hierarchies do not necessarily overlap’. Gerhards and Anheier suggest that ‘the authors of†¦ mass culture may enjoy relatively high incomes but low prestige, whereas others may find critical acclaim but receive relatively low income’. Furthermore, although Bloom and Eliot’s ideas about what defines a great poet are sound, their ideas do not necessarily transmit to contemporary society.

Moonrise Kingdom Review Outline Color Analysis Essay Example

Moonrise Kingdom Review Outline Color Analysis Essay Example Moonrise Kingdom Review Outline Color Analysis Paper Moonrise Kingdom Review Outline Color Analysis Paper Describe the main problem of the film What is the inciting incident? Act 2 Describe the action that takes place in Act II Act II is where all the action takes place Act 3 This is how the film resolves itself Do not spoil the ending for the audience! Directing/Film techniques (One paragraph) Describe and assess the miss en scene (camera angles, editing, lighting, set production, costumes, etc. ) Cinematography (color palette) Identify other notable successes/failures of the film for example, special effects, etc. Lace this in the context Of other films (ii compare and contrast to there films from the same genre/director/period) Conclusion (One paragraph) Justify your opinion of the film by ranking it alongside others that you may or may not have already mentioned Suggest to the reader that this may be a film to see/avoid How Color Affects the Viewer in Moonrise Kingdom For this assignment, you will choose three scenes from the slides located on our Google Classroom site (bit. Do/flam mability) and analyze West Andersens use of the color RED (including oranges and pinks). Consider what the color red symbolizes and then think about what you know about each character ND their mental state. Each response must be well-reasoned, grade-appropriate, and at least a paragraph in length. This is an exploration Of psyche consider what you know about the characters as you write your analysis. In total, this essay will have three paragraphs. Color in Moonrise Kingdom In the Huffing Post, Michelle Mandate wrote: Just as director West Anderson has an affinity for a certain type of female character, he also has a natural attraction to certain types of colors. Throughout Anderson s films, we have seen the director use a sis-influenced lour palette that has made his movies as recognizable as the movie stars in them. Whether its the yellow and blue hues in The Adrenaline Limited or the orange and brown shades in The Fantastic Mr.. Fox, you can instantly tell (even without seeing Bill Murals face) youre watching a West Anderson film when you see those bright, saturated colors pop on the screen. Andersens latest film Moonrise Kingdom is no exception to the Anderson color palette. The muted yellow-green and pale blue colors we see in the movie ring true to Anderson s color style.

Liberal Art Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Liberal Art Studies - Essay Example This may include seeking new opportunities that are more fitting to the individual person and are able to make that individual more fulfilled as a person. After years of living his life according to the carnal pleasures of the body, Augustine felt there must be something more to life than the way he was living it. He thus began a quest for a more fulfilling life. Similarly, a more fulfilling career should always be the goal of the professional. A better career often requires difficult changes, but a professional should be willing to make those changes in order to realize a better life. In addition to benefiting the individual, a more fulfilled person is better able to improve society as a whole. A modern professional’s career journey is similar to the spiritual journey of Augustine. A career does not always go according to plan. There are difficult problems to work through in nearly every job. There are also times when it is better for an individual to move on from a current j ob and obtain a better, more fulfilling job. Like a spiritual journey, a professional is confronted with difficult situations which are often unpleasant. These situations often lead to changes and, although difficult, they can lead a professional to a better path in which they are able to grow as an individual as well as a professional.

Starbucks' Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks' Strategy - Research Paper Example Starbucks Coffee Company ensures creativity and innovation. Products provided here are customers oriented and designed to meet the needs of the customers in the best way possible. Use of the available digital technology is an important aspect of innovation that is used to fulfill the wants of the customers. The managers of Starbucks ensure that the activities at the company are outcome oriented. The company has a high profile that has to be maintained in the global economy. Therefore, all its initiatives ought to be outcome oriented. Starbucks Company encourages teamwork among the employees so that they can achieve better results. Working as a team makes the outcome more efficient than working on an individual basis. The achievements made by the company are therefore influenced by the good management skills. Starbucks management strategies have contributed to the position it is in today. Innovation is one of the main contributors of the company’s success. The Coffee Company was opened in 1971 and has shown tremendous improvement over the years. This is due to the great innovative ideas that have prevailed in the company. Howard Schultz was a great innovator who owned the company personally and ensured that the products were designed to suit the customers. Through good customer service and addressing the real need of the customers, the company has been able to maintain its customers (Noe 2012). Another innovative strategy used by Starbucks is to ensure that the employees of the company have the scientific knowledge of the products they produce. This is different as in other coffeehouse employees tend to apply individual improvisation in the way of serving coffee. Through this, they are able to maintain both local and international customers. A manager at Starbuck is supposed to be innovative in order to maintain the good

Manufacturing Processes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manufacturing Processes - Assignment Example This paper produces a report on the utility and application of these tools to a manufacturing environment specifically bringing out the necessity of applying these principles and also to evaluate the exact reasons why such an analysis need to be done at all. For the purpose of outlining the manufacturing process we take the example of paper production processes. For manufacturing paper wood, bagasse (outer stalk sugar cane), hemp straw etc are used. Normally the paper manufacturing is preceded by the pulping process where the raw material for example wood is made into pulp. Pulping processes are generally classified as chemical, mechanical or semi-chemical. The three chemical pulping methods are known as kraft, sulfite and soda. There are three steps involved the pulping; initial processing, washing the pulp and bleaching the pulp. At the end of the processes several Toxic Air and Water Pollutants like Volatile Organic Compounds causing damages to lungs tissues, Total reduced Sulphur with foul odors, Hazardous Air Pollutants causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, Adsorbable Organic Halides Chloroform, Dioxin and Furan are generated. (EPA Fact Sheet 1997) 3.0 Life cycle Analysis (LCA): "LCA is a technique [] compiling an inventory of relevant inputs and outputs of a product system; evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs; and interpreting the results of the inventory and impact phases in relation to the objectives of the study" (ISO 14040:2006) This part of the paper deals with an important tool for assessing the impact of the manufacturing processes on the environment. According to O'Neill (2003) Life Cycle Analysis is a technique used to quantify the environmental impact of products during their entire life cycle. The different parts of the life cycle are examined from raw material extraction, manufacture, transport and use through to waste processing. The publication of Environmental Technology Best Practice Programme envisages that LCA can be used to evaluate the environmental performance of processes, products and services1 from 'cradle to grave' and identify potential cost savings. It is relevant to most, if not all, industrial situations where a product is manufactured or a service provided. The figure below illustrates the life cycle stages: Karolina Flemstrom et al.(2004) opines that the effects of product or services considered in LCA are overall potential environmental impacts e.g. global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acidification, photochemical oxidant formation, toxicity and eutrophication, of all resources used and waste generated in a defined technical system. To conduct an LCA it is essential that the following three interrelated components are identified and addressed during the LCA process: Life cycle Inventory: is the process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements, air emissions, waterborne effluents, solid waste

Investigating The Economic Impact Of The Olympic Games Tourism Essay

Investigating The Economic Impact Of The Olympic Games Tourism Essay Every year millions of people around the world travel either for business, vacation or a combination of both. Tourism is the biggest industry in the world and is continually growing (lecture 1). By the end of the 20th Century total global tourism (international and domestic) has been estimated to be worth at around U.S $3.5 trillion. Tourism has been widely accepted as growth industry and is expected to grow at an average rate of 4% per annum (sharpley and telfer). Both developed and developing nations all around the globe try to take advantage of this fact and in order to achieve greater economic growth and in the case of developing nations to achieve a higher standard of living as well. This makes the tourism industry a very competitive one, with nations trying to attract as many tourists as possible and reap the benefits. One way for countries to capture these benefits associated with tourism is to host different events. Getz (2007) identified and categorized them into different scales of events. These range from local and regional events like the Nottingham Music Festival and the European Youth Olympic Festival respectively to periodic hallmark events like the Formula One Grand Prix. The biggest category however is that of the Mega Events which include the Olympic Games and the World Cup. These events are of high tourist demand and have a high value for the host city in terms of economic, environmental, social, cultural and political impacts. It is important for the government of the hosting country as well as the hosting city to use policies to get as much positive effects as possible from these impacts whilst decreasing the negative ones. Roche (1994) defined mega events as short term events with long term consequences for the cities that stage them. He claims that if a host city is successful in programming the events correctly, a new or renewed image will be projected which would bring long lasting economic benefits in terms of tourism, investment and business. Moreover, he claims that with this new or renewed image the host city is able to become a center of capital and labor, production and exchange in the national and global economy (Roche, 1994). Therefore, it can be argued that the economic aspect of the Olympic Games is the most significant one and the economic legacies left behind by such events can change and reshape entire cities. In order to gain a better understanding of the economic impacts of mega events, and more specifically of the Olympic Games, these impacts must be separated in accordance to whether they happen before, during or after the event (Li S. Blake). An analysis will follow that will explain these different stages in terms of the Olympics and the relevant economic impacts as well as the policies the government can adopt to gain the maximum positive outcomes of the event. The pre-game period is a time of planning and deadlines, investments both private and public and construction. Moreover, once the city wins the bidding process the news of this fact are echoed all around the world. This may tempt tourists to visit the country prior to the event. The period during the Games has certain economic impacts that come from the tourists and the revenues the event brings and it is a way to show the world the change that the city underwent through the media exposure that surrounds the Games. The most important period is after the Games however, since it is when the results will start to take effect. This is the aim of the host cities, to capture the long term economic effects or the economic legacy the games create. The economic legacy involves the extra tourists that will want to visit the host city; businesses may be attracted to relocate there; the establishment of the city as a business hub and generally the increased economic growth to the host city as we ll as the whole economy of the country. First of all, one of the characteristics of the Olympic Games is the amount of money it attracts that is subsequently invested in them during the pre-game period. These funds come from the public and private sector and are spent on the construction of sport venues, tourism facilities and infrastructure (Sakai, 2006). These funds are different from the organizational costs the Olympic Organizing Committee has. The organizational costs relate to items not usable after the Games whereas the investments mentioned above will continue to serve the city in the future. The Barcelona Olympics of 1992 had total organizational costs of 1.364 billion U.S Dollars ($) and investments amounting to $8.012 billion (Poynter, 2006). By looking at this from an economics point of view, investments are part of the circular flow of income, it is an injection, and as such bring economic growth and job creation and has long term effects (Sloman, ). Barcelona for example, focused 61.5% of these investments for construction work which includes transport infrastructure, housing, offices and business premises, telecommunication and services, hotels, sports facilities and environmental infrastructure. This is a clear indicator of Barcelonaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s restructuring effort (Brunet, 2005). Furthermore, the construction effort that is being funded will bring increased employment in the city, decreasing unemployment and as a result increase the standard of living of its local citizens. In Barcelona, unemployment rates fell from 18.4% in 1986 to 9.6% in 1992 (Brunet, 2005). If the standard of living is raised, there will be great social effects (a decrease in crime due to the rise of employment, people would want to live in better conditions and will be able to afford them as well as many more). These in turn can bring greater economic impacts because tourists visiting the city will be able to see the change and difference and the probability of experiencing an enjoyable stay will increase substantially. This might affect them to consider visiting the city again, during the games or after, and they may spread their experiences through word of mouth, indirectly advertising the city. These benefits however all depend on how the government decides to invest the money. Barcelona invested heavily in infrastructure $8.012 billion and the benefits can still be seen today, whereas Sydney only spent $3.03 billion (Poynter, 2006). In addition to this, it is important to include the opportunity costs associated with the building of Olympic Venues. According to Owen (2005), these investments must not be considered as benefits for the economy but rather as costs. This is because opportunity costs are very high since the money spent on Olympic venues could have been spent on other public needs like health and education which also leads to long term economic growth (Li, Blake). Taking the example of Barcelona again, the spending associated with Olympic venue construction (9.1%) is insignificant compared with the 61.5% allocated for other infrastructure. As stated above, investment in infrastructure is an injection which brings long term economic benefits and Barcelona investe d heavily in that area. This may be one of the reasons why Barcelona has had steady economic growth the twelve years after the games.

Descriptive Essay - College Dorm Room -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptive

Filthy College Dorm Room As I lifted my head, I was greeted by at least fifty naked models, all in various X-rated positions, each eyeing me with an expression that suggested nothing but lust and desire. I stepped into the room, only to be overwhelmed with at least twenty-five more girls stripped of any trace of clothing. Although my legs were begging to walk my sickened body out the door, I brought myself together and looked at the reason I was forcing myself to stay there. I had to pee so badly, and a small, filthy toilet was only a few short steps across the chilled tile floor. My bare feet felt every speck of dirt underneath them, and I laughed at the thought that I respectfully took off my shoes before coming in. The heavy stench of mildew continued to coat my lungs so thickly I was tempted to hold my breath. I focused only on my destination and tried to figure out how anyone, even if they are college freshmen full of testosterone, could turn the walls of their dorm bathroom into a Playboy magazine. After going about my business, I reached for the brass door-handle that would let me out of the tiny room, which consisted of the toilet, a small shower, a moldy rug, and a trash can that was overflowing with tissues and toilet paper. A few pieces of blue gum were carelessly stuck on top of the heap. I hesitated, however, to let my hand touch the door-handle in fear of what might be living on it. I took the chance and grabbed the smooth metal anyway, turned it as quickly as I could, and stepped out of the bathroom to the sink to wash my potentially diseased hands. Chad, who came with me to Joe's dorm, stood nervously in the living area, his hands hanging onto the rims of his pockets. The porcelain sink, which I am assuming... ...e building, and took a deep breath of fresh air. Not only did the environment of the dorm appall me, but I was thoroughly shocked that I could be so blind when it came to Joe. My mind flashed to other people in my life, and I thought about how their outside images may easily conceal their true ways. Joe's dorm made me realize that the depictions I have of a person are often misleading or simply untrue. Chad was now just behind me, and Joe was following him. Joe stopped in the doorway. As we proceeded to walk down the hallway, we passed four gray doors, each identical to Joe's. As we neared the glass doors of the exit, Chad turned around and said to Joe, sarcastically, "Yeah I hope we didn't interrupt you. You weren't tidying up or anything, were you?" He then replied, as he gradually closed the door, "What are you talking about, man. This place is clean."

Meet the Florida Office of Drug Control

Have you ever pondered on the question, â€Å"who is responsible for monitoring drug trends in Florida? † The Florida office of Drug Control was established to address the current issue of drug abuse in the state. The major goal was to ‘protect our youth from substance abuse. ’ The collaboration of this institution with the Department of Law Enforcement, Department of Education, Department of Children and Families, Prevention Coalitions, and Treatment Providers has enabled a prevention strategy to be successfully developed. The latest trends in this field have been used.The three strategic approaches which should be used are Prevention, Treatment and Law Enforcement. There is nothing better than preventing youth from the troubles of substance abuse. With the help of key stake holders, a strategic approach has been used to prevent youth from trying illegal substances. There are six key elements in the prevention of substance abuse: individuals, family, friends, sch ool, community and the society. The second approach used is treatment. There are many individuals who are already addicted. Fortunately, there are ways to get addicts out of their bad habits.Many treatments have been proven to be very effective to help overcome this difficult way of life. Partnership with treatment centers has increased treatment availability for those who need it. The Office of Drug Control’s main priority is to decrease the supply and demand for illegal substances in Florida State. With the help of Law enforcement department the drug issue is easily addressed. The Office of Drug Control has been involved in some initiatives, which include Florida Gang Reduction Strategy, and Methamphetamine. The Florida Gang Reduction Strategy is a program to discourage our youth from joining criminal gangs.These gangs not only introduce teenagers to the world of drugs but also encourage them to get involved in criminal acts. Gang members put themselves in life threatening situations. They also create misery for ordinary citizens. By implementing the prevention program, Florida’s youth will be able to reject all gang activities. They will not be motivated to join after being approached by cult leaders. This strategy also attempts to stop the decreasing number of gangs by giving them an option to leave the gang and change themselves in an effective rehabilitation process.The Office of Drug Control has taken positive steps to improve the quality of living for Florida’s youth. In collaboration with the key government departments and members of the society, they have been able to point out the areas that need to be targeted, to make Florida a drug free state. Stay informed about the newest drug trends this office has been able to pin point. Get information on prescription drugs and much more. For more information about the Office of Drug Control visit www. flgov. com/drugcontrol/.

Classifying Solutions Essays - Solutions, Equilibrium Chemistry

Classifying Solutions Essays - Solutions, Equilibrium Chemistry Classifying Solutions Types of Solutions Gas Solid/Gas Liquid/Gas Gas Solid Solid/Solid Liquid/Solid Gas Liquid Solid/Liquid Liquid/Liquid Gas Solution-a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent) Solvent- A substance that can dissolve another substance, or in which another substance is dissolved into Solute-The minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent Aqueous-contains water Alloy-a solid solution or two or more metals Solubility-The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific temperature Saturated Solution-a solution that cannot dissolve more solute (contains maximum amount of solute at which the solution exists) Unsaturated Solution-a solution that could dissolve more solute (contains less solute than the maximum amount possible is dissolved in the solution) Supersaturated Solution-a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature Determining the type of solution -Add a seed crystal of solute -Dissolves= unsaturated -Does not dissolve= saturated -Begins to crystallize= supersaturated Solubility Expressed in grams of solute per 100g of solvent Solute Solubility (g solute/100g solvent)Qualitative Solubility description Less than 0.1Insoluble 0.1>1Slightly Soluble 1-10Soluble 10Very soluble e.g. A 3.20g sample of a salt dissolves in 9.10g of water to give a saturated solution at 25*C. What is the solubility (in g salt/100g of water) of the salt? Solute = 3.20gSalt = x _ Solvent 9.10gH2O 100gH2O x=3.20gSalt(100gH2O) 9.10gH2O x=35.2g Factors that Affect Solubility Forces that act between the particle of the substances in solutions: -forces that attract particle of the solute to each other -forces that attracts particle of the solute to particles of the solvent -forces that attract particles of the solvent to each other Solubility in Water -The polar nature of water molecules enables water to dissolve a wide range of solutes -Most ionic compounds are soluble in water 1.Electrical attraction between the polar water molecules and the ions pulls ions from the surface of the solute 2.Polar water molecules surround the separated ions in a process called hydration, and ions disperse uniformly in solution Polar compounds dissolve in water Nonpolar compounds dont dissolve in water Nonpolar compounds can dissolve in nonpolar solvents Conductivity of Aqueous Solutions Solutions of ionic compounds can conduct electricity. Temperature and Solubility (Solid in Liquid) For most ionic solids, solubility increases as temp increases. Temperature and Solubility(Liquid in Liquid, Gas in Gas) Temperature change has little effect on the solubility of one liquid in another one or one gas in another Temperature and Solubility(Gas in Liquid) The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases as the temperature increases Pressure and Solubility(Gas in Liquid) The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directionally proportional to the pressure of that same particular gas above the liquid Factors that Affect Rate of Dissolving -agitation or mixing(stirring) -temperature increases -increased surface area of the solute Concentrations of Solutions as a % Concentration-the ratio of the quantity of solvent or the quantity of solution Concentrated-having a high ratio of solute to a solution Dilute-having a low ratio of solute to solution % (Mass/Volume) -a ratio of the mass of solute to the volume of solution, expressed as a percent %(m/v)=m of solute (g) x100% v of solution (mL) % (Mass/Mass) -a ratio of mass of solute to mass of solution, expressed as a percent %(m/m)=m of solute (g) x100% m of solution (g) % (Volume/Volume) -a ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solution, expressed as a percent %(v/v)= v of solute (mL) x100% v of solution (mL) ex.(m/v but applies to all % questions) g:msolute=17.5g msolvent=350mL r: %(m/v)= ? a: %(m/v)=msolute x100% msolvent m: =17.5g x100% 350mL =5.00% [3 sig digs] Very Small Concentrations of Solutions Parts per million (ppm) -a ratio of solute to solution x106 ppm=m of solute (g) x106 m of solution (g) Parts per billion (ppb) -a ratio of solute to solution x109 ppb=m of solute (g) x109 m of solution (g) ex.(ppm but same steps for ppb) g:mNaF=32.2mg=3.22x10-2g mH2O=20.0kg=2.00x104g r: ppm(m/m)= ? a: ppm(m/m)=mass of solute x106 mass of solution m: ppm(m/m)=3.22x10-2g x106 2.00x104g+3.22x10-2g =1.61ppm(m/m) Molar Concentrations -the amount in moles of solute dissolved in 1L of solution equation: C= n/V ex. Molar concentration g:c=0.154mol/L V=500mL=0.500L r:n=? m=? a:n=cV m:n=0.154mol/L(0.500L) =0.077mol m=Mn =(22.989770g/mol)(0.077mol) =1.77g ex. Molar concentration of ions g:n=0.212molFeCl3 V=0.175mL r:c=? a:c=n/v m:c=0.212molFeCl3/0.175mL =1.21mol/L Determining Solubility Effect of Ion Charge -compounds of ions with small charges tend to be soluble -compounds of ions with large charges tend to be insoluble -why? Increasing ion charge increases the attractive forces that hold the ions together Effect of Ion Size -the size of an atom is different than the size of its corresponding ion -in general, metallic ions tend to be smaller than their corresponding neutral atoms; non-metallic ions tend to be larger than their corresponding neutral atoms -small ions bond more closely

Minimum Quantity Lubrication Essays

Minimum Quantity Lubrication Essays Minimum Quantity Lubrication Essay Minimum Quantity Lubrication Essay ABSTRACT Metal cutting fluids changes the performance of machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling, and chip flushing functions. Typically, in the machining of hardened steel materials, no cutting fluid is applied in the interest of low cutting forces and low environmental impacts. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) presents itself as a viable alternative for hard machining with respect to tool wear, heat dissertation, and machined surface quality. This study compares the mechanical performance of minimum quantity lubrication to completely dry lubrication for the turning of hardened bearing-grade steel materials based on experimental measurement of cutting forces, tool temperature, white layer depth, and part finish. The results indicate that the use of minimum quantity lubrication leads to reduced surface roughness delayed tool flank wear, and lower cutting temperature, while also having a minimal effect on the cutting forces. Minimum quantity lubrication. doc (Size: 2. 7 MB / Downloads: 63) password:seminarprojects CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The growing demand for higher productivity, product quality and overall economy in manufacturing by machining and grinding, particularly to meet the challenges thrown by liberalization and global cost competitiveness, insists high material removal rate and high stability and long life of the cutting tools. But high production machining and grinding with high cutting velocity, feed and depth o f cut are inherently associated with generation of large amount of heat and high cutting temperature. Such high cutting temperature not only reduces dimensional accuracy and tool life but also impairs the surface integrity of the product. In high speed machining conventional cutting fluid application fails to penetrate the chip–tool interface and thus cannot remove heat effectively. Addition of extreme pressure additives in the cutting fluids does not ensure penetration of coolant at the chip–tool interface to provide lubrication and cooling . However ,high-pressure jet of soluble oil, when applied at the chip–tool interface, could reduce cutting temperature and improve tool life to some extent . However, the advantages caused by the cutting fluids have been questioned lately, due to the several negative effectsthey cause. When inappropriately handled, cutting fluids may damage soil and water resources, causing serious loss to the environment. Therefore, the handling and disposal of cutting fluids must obey rigid rules of environmental protection. On the shop floor, the machine operators may be affected by thebad effects of cutting fluids, such as by skin and breathing problems For the companies, the costs related to cutting fluids represent a large amount of the total machining costs. Several research workers state that the costs related to cutting fluids are frequently higher than those related to cutting tools. Consequently, elimination on the use of cutting fluids, if possible, can be a significant economic incentive. Considering the high cost associated with the use of cutting fluids and projected escalating costs when the stricter environmental laws are enforced, the choice seems obvious. Because of them some alternatives has been sought to minimize or even avoid the use of cutting fluid in machining operations. Some of these alternatives are dry machining and machining with minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Dry machining is now of great interest and actually, they meet with success in the field of environmentally friendly manufacturing . In reality, however, they are sometimes less effective when higher machining efficiency, better surface finish quality and severe cutting conditions are required. For these situations, semi-dry operations utilizing very small amount of cutting fluids are expected to become a powerful tool and, in fact, they already play a significant role in a number of practical applications . inimum quantity lubrication (MQL) refers to the use of cutting fluids of only a minute amount- typically of a flow rate of 50–500 ml/h which is about three to four orders of magnitude lower than the amount commonly used in flood cooling condition. The concept of minimum quantity lubrication, sometimes referred to as near dry lubrication or micro-lubrication , has been sugges ted since a decade ago as a mean of addressing the issues of environmental intrusiveness and occupational hazards associated with the airborne cutting fluid particles on factory shop floors. The minimization of cutting fluid also leads to economical benefits by way of saving lubricant costs and work piece/tool/machine cleaning cycle time. Significant progress has been made in dry and semidry machining recently, and minimum quantity lubrication(MQL) machining in particular has been accepted as a successful semi-dry application because of its environmentally friendly characteristics. Some good results have been obtained with this technique . Lugscheider et al. sed this technique in reaming process of gray cast iron and aluminum alloy with coated carbide tools and concluded that it caused a reduction of tool wear when compared with the completely dry process and, consequently, an improvement in the surface quality of the holes. The drilling of aluminum–silicon alloys is one of those processes where dry cutting is impossible due to the high ductility of the work piece material. Without cooling and lubrication, the chip sticks to the tool and breaks it in a very short cutting time. There fore, in this process a good alternative is the use of the MQL technique The present work experimentally investigates the role of minimum quantity lubrication on cutting temperature, chip reduction coefficient and dimensional deviation in plain turning of AISI-1040 steel at different speed-feed combinations by uncoated carbide insert and compares the effectiveness of MQL with that of dry machining and conventional cutting fluid. CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURE For the present experimental studies, AISI-1040 steel rod of initial diameter 110mm and length 620mm was plain turned in a BMTF Lathe, Bangladesh, 4 hp by uncoated carbide insert of integrated chip breaker geometry at different speed-feed combinations under dry, wet and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions to study the role of MQL on the machinability characteristics of that work material mainly in respect of cutting temperature, chip reduction coefficient and dimensional deviation. The experimental conditions are given in Table 1. Machine tool BMTF Lathe, Bangladesh, 4 hp Work piece AISI-1040 steel (size: O110mm? 620 mm) Cutting tool (insert) Cutting insert Carbide, SNMM 120408 (P-30 ISOspecification), Drillco Tool holder PSBNR 2525M12(ISO specification), Working tool geometry ? 6? , ? 6? , 6? , 6? , 15? , 75? , 0. 8 (mm) Cutting velocity, Vc 64, 80, 110 and 130 m/min Feed rate, So 0. 10, 0. 13, 0. 16 and 0. 20 mm/rev Depth of cut, t 1. 0mm MQL supply: Air 7 bar, Lubricant: 60 ml/h (throughexternal nozzle) Environment: Dry, wet (flood cooling) and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) Table2. 1 Experimental conditions The ranges of the cutting velocity (Vc) and feed rate (So) were selected based on the tool manufacturer’s recommendation and industrial practices. The depth of cut was kept constant since it has much less significant role on the machining characteristics excepting the magnitude of the cutting forces, which simply increase proportionally with the increase in depth of cut. The MQL needs to be supply at high pressure and impinged at high speed through the nozzle at the cutting zone. Considering the conditions required for the present work and uninterrupted supply of MQL at constant pressure over a reasonably long cut, a MQL delivery system has been designed, fabricated and used. The schematic view of the MQL set up is shown in Fig. 1. The thin but high velocity stream of MQL was projected along the auxiliary cutting edge of the insert, as indicated in a frame within Fig. 1, so that the coolant reaches as close to the chip–tool and the work–tool interfaces as possible . The photographic view of the experimental set-up is Figure 2. 1 Experimental setup Figure2. 1Block diagram of MQL The MQL jet has been used mainly to target the rake and flank surface along the auxiliary cutting edge and to protect the auxiliary flank to enable better dimensional accuracy . MQL is expected to provide some favorable effects mainly through reduction in cutting temperature. The simple but reliable tool–work thermocouple technique has been employed to measure the average cutting temperature during turning at different Vc–So combinations by the uncoated carbide insert under dry, wet and MQL conditions. For the present investigation, the calibration of the tool–work thermocouple has been carried out by external flame heating. The tool–work thermocouple junction was constructed using a long continuous chip of the concerned work material and a tungsten carbide insert to be used in actual cutting. To avoid generation of parasitic emf, a long carbide rod was used to extend the insert. A standard K-type thermocouple is mounted at the site of tool–work junction. The oxy-acetylenetorch simulated the heat generation phenomena in machining and raised the temperature at the chip–tool interface. Standard thermocouple directly monitored the junction temperature when a digital multimeter monitored the emf generated by the hot junction of the chip–tool. The effect of MQL on average chip–tool interface temperature at different Vc and So under dry, wet and MQL conditions is shown in Fig. 3. The chip samples collected while turning the steel by the insert of configuration SNMM at different Vc–So combinations under dry, wet and MQL condition have been visually examined and categorized with respect to their shape and color. The result of such categorization of the chips produced at different conditions and environments by the AISI-1040 steel. The actual forms of the chips produced during machining the steel with a cutting velocity 110 m/min and feed 0. 6 mm/rev under dry, wet and MQL conditions is shown in Fig. 4. Another important machinability index is chip reduction coefficient, ? (ratio of chip thickness after and before cut). For given tool geometry and cutting conditions, the value of ? depends upon the nature of chip–tool interaction, chip contact length and chip form all of which are expected to be influenced by MQL in addition to the levels of Vc and So. The variation in value of ? with Vc and So as well as machining environment evaluated for AISI-1040 steel have been plotted and shown in Fig. 5. The deviations in the job diameter before and after cuts were measured by a precision dial gauge with a least count of 1_m, which was traveled parallel to the axis of the job . MQL provided remarkable benefit in respect of controlling the increase in diameter of the finished job with machining time as can be seen in Fig. 6. Fig. 3. Variations in average chip–tool interface temperature with cutting velocity and feed rate during turning under dry, wet and MQL conditions CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During machining any ductile materials, heat is generated at the primary eformation zone, secondary deformation zone and the flank (clearance) surfaces, but the temperature becomes maximum at the chip–tool interface. The cutting temperature measured in the present work r efers mainly to the average chip–tool interface temperature. Any cutting fluid applied conventionally cannot reduce this chip–tool interface temperature effectively because the fluid can hardly penetrate into that the interface where the chip–tool contact is mostly plastic in nature particularly at higher cutting velocity and feed. However, MQL jet could have reduced the cutting temperature quite significantly though in different degrees for different cutting velocity and feed combinations as can be seen in Fig. 3. The presence of the grooves along the cutting edges and the hills on the tool rake surface and reduced chip–tool contact length may have helped the MQL jet to come closer to the chip–tool interface and thus effectively cool that interface. The difference in the effectiveness of MQL observed under different Vc and So can be reasonably attributed to variation in the nature and extent of chip–tool contact with the changes in Vc and So. The pattern of chips in machining ductile metals generally depend upon the mechanical properties of the work material, tool geometry particularly rake angle, levels of Vc and So, nature of chip–tool interaction and the cutting environment . In absence of chip breaker, length and uniformity of chips increase with the increase in ductility and softness of the work material, tool rake angle and cutting velocity unless thechip–tool interaction is adverse causing intensive friction and built-up edge formation. Table 3. Shape and co lour of chips at different vc and so condition It shows that the steel when machined under dry and wet conditions produced spiral type chips and the color of the chips become blue. The geometry of the insert is such that the chips first came out continuously got curled along normal plane and then hitting at the principal flank of the insert broke into pieces with regular size and shape. When machined under MQL the form of these ductile chips chang e appreciably into more or less half turn and their back surface appeared much brighter and smoother. This indicates hat the amount of reduction of temperature and presence of MQL enabled favorable chip–tool interaction and elimination of even trace of built-up edge formation. The color of the chips have also become much lighter, i. e. metallic from blue depending upon Vc and So due to reduction in cutting temperature by MQL. The actual forms of chips produced during turning at cutting velocity 110 m/min and feed 0. 16 mm/rev under dry, wet and MQL condition as can be seen in Fig. 4. Figure 3. 1 shape of chips at different condition Fig. 4. Actual forms of chips produced during turning at cutting velocity 110 m/min and feed 0. 6 mm/rev under (a) dry, (b) wet and  © MQL conditions. Almost all the parameters involved in machining have direct and indirect influence on the thickness of the chips during deformation. The degree of chip thickening which is assessed by chip reducti on coefficient, ? plays sizeable role on cutting forces and hence on cutting energy requirements and cutting temperature. Fig. 5 shows that MQL has reduced the value of ? particularly at lower values of Vc and So. Figure. 3. 2. Variation in chip reduction coefficient, ? , with cutting velocity and feed rate during turning under dry, wet and MQL conditions. By MQL application, ? s reasonably expected to decrease for reduction in friction at the chip–tool interface and reduction in deterioration of effective rake angle by built-up edge formation and wear of the cutting edge mainly due to reduction in cutting temperature . MQL provided remarkable benefit in respect of controlling the increase in diameter of the finished job with machining time as can be seen in Fig. 6. Figure. 3. 3. Dimensional deviations observed after one full pass under dry, wet and MQL conditions In straight turning, the finished job diameter generally deviates from its desired value with the progress of mac hining, i. e. long the job-length mainly for change in the effective depth of cut due to several reasons which include wear of the tool nose, over all compliance of the machine–fixture–tool–work (M–F–T–W) system and thermal expansion of the job during machining followed by cooling. Therefore, if the M–F–T–W system is rigid, variation in diameter would be governed mainly by the heat and cutting temperature . With the increase in temperature the rate of growth of auxiliary flank wear and thermal expansion of the job will increase. MQL takes away the major portion of heat and reduces the temperature yielding reduction in dimensional deviation desirably CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the present experimental investigation the following conclusions can be drawn: The cutting performance of MQL machining is better than that of conventional machining with flood cutting fluid supply. MQL provides the benefits mainly by reducing the cutting temperature, which improves the chip–tool interaction and maintains sharpness of the cutting edges. Due to MQL, the form and color of the steel chips became favorable for more effective cooling and improvements in nature of interaction at the chip–tool interface. Dimensional accuracy improved mainly due to reduction of wear and damage at the tool tip by the application of MQL. CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [1] M. C. Shaw, J. D. Pigott, L. P. Richardson, Effect of cutting fluid upon chip–tool interface temperature, Trans. ASME 71 (1951) 45–56. [2] S. Paul, N. R. Dhar, A. B. Chattopadhyay, Beneficial effects of cryogenic cooling over dry and wet machining on tool wear and surface finish in turning AISI-1060 steel, in: Proceedings of the ICAMT- 2000, Malaysia, 2000, pp. 209–214. [3] C. Cassin, G. Boothroyed, Lubrication action of cutting fluids, J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 7 (1) (1965) 67–81. 4] M. Mazurkiewicz, Z. Kubala, J. Chow, Metal machining with high pressure water-jet cooling assistance- a new possibility, J. Eng. Ind. 111 (1989) 7–12. [5] A. Alaxender, A. S. Varadarajan, P. K. Philip, Hard turning with minimum cutting fluid: a viable green alternative on the shop floor, in: Proceedings of the 18th AIMTDR, 1998, pp. 152–155. [6] M. Sokovic, K. Mijanovic, Ecological aspects of the cutting fluids and its influence on quantifiable parameters of the cutting processes, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 109 (12) (2001) 181–189. [7] F. Klocke, G. Eisennblatter, Dry cutting, Ann. CIRP 46 (2) (1997) 519–526. 8] G. Byrne, E. Scholta, Environmentally clean machining processes- a strategic approach, Ann. CIRP 42 (1) (1993) 471–474. [9] F. Klocke, G. Eisenblatter, Coated tools for metal cutting-features and applications, Ann. CIRP 48 (2) (1999) 515–525. [10] U. Heisel, M. Lutz, Application of minimum quantity cooling lubrication technology in cutting processes, Prod. Eng. II (1) (1994) 49–54. [11] J. W. Sutherland, An experimental investigation of air quality in wet and dry turning, Ann. CIRP 49 (1) (2000) 61–64. sa Reference: seminarprojects. com/Thread-minimum-quantity-lubrication#ixzz1TMka1daG

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Likewise, I recognized that as increasing numbers of organizations have joined the globalization bandwagon, more theories and practices in HRM need to be reappraised to incorporate global issues such as culture, virtual teams, telecommunications applications, performance appraisals and leadership (DeCenzo & Robbins, 2006). More importantly and parallel with my field of endeavor, as averred by DeCenzo & Robbins, â€Å"knowing the effect of technology helps individuals better facilitate human resource plans, make decisions faster, more clearly define jobs, and strengthen communications with both the external community and employees† (7). The concepts and theories learned from the modules need to be constantly updated to enable practitioners to appreciate the benefits that HRM accords to the organization. The course has given me the opportunity to learn new insights on the critical functions of staffing and motivational schemes (incentives), as well as, career planning and develo pment. I have learned that the goals of the organization need to be explicitly and clearly stated to enable human resources to exert the appropriate efforts to achieve them. The collaborative strategies designed by leaders and managers of the organizations would only succeed if people are duly motivated to work towards the attainment of these goals. These theories and concepts would help me apply what I have learned in future endeavors through identification, first and foremost, of my personal and professional goals.... HRM applications manifest adapting to the changing environment to survive in the global arena. The concepts and theories learned from the modules need to be constantly updated to enable practitioners to appreciate the benefits that HRM accords to the organization. The course has given me the opportunity to learn new insights on the critical functions of staffing and motivational schemes (incentives), as well as, career planning and development. I have learned that the goals of the organization need to be explicitly and clearly stated to enable human resources to exert the appropriate efforts to achieve them. The collaborative strategies designed by leaders and managers of the organizations would only succeed if people are duly motivated to work towards the attainment of these goals. Further, if there are consistency in the goals of the personnel to that of the organization and society’s interests at hand, the strategies that were effectively designed would assist in ensuring t hat success is ultimately sustained and achieved. These theories and concepts would help me apply what I have learned in future endeavors through identification, first and foremost, of my personal and professional goals. I need to be accurate as to the objectives that I would like to attain, both in the short term and in the long run. In doing so, I will be able to create and design strategies that would assist towards the achievement of these goals. Just like what have been proffered in the activity on designing a staffing plan for an organization, the goals would direct the path and define the strategies needed for staffing, or for any pursuit, for that matter. Planning would entail defining

Describe the theories, arguments and evidence used in your four Essay

Describe the theories, arguments and evidence used in your four subject readings. What do the readings tell you about the study - Essay Example In the fourteenth century the Roman law gave the above mentioned privileges whereas a century later English authorities granted the similar rights to the parents. Yet the intellectual evolution kicked in and by seventeenth century scholars initiated to view children as an important part of the society and supported the notion of facility settlement for their training (Peck 2008). Based on the above paragraph, it can be assumed that the tendency and the power of evolution are embedded within the fabric of humanity and humans are gifted with an unexplainable energy to overcome resistance to change. Historically the females were not considered humans and in the present they are recognized as equals to the male population. All of the instances demonstrate the fact that humans kept on growing intellectually in the past and therefore their behavior also became better with the passage of time. In the process of intellectual growth old concepts were challenged and replaced with new and more practical ones. Corporate professionals in the past were only concerned with the maximization of the profit. However nowadays businessmen are getting more and more attached to the concepts of job autonomy, modern training and prevention of environmental degradation. Literature Review Modern thinking started to be accepted and praised when it challenged the concept of capitalism. The state socialism evolved around the premise of accumulation of wealth within few hands and therefore causing serious financial inequalities in the West as it is mentioned in the book that â€Å"State socialism attempts as far as possible to substitute central planning for the working of economic market† (Hall 1992 pp 54). However, the neo-classic economic experts stated that the country should and must use its natural and human resources efficiently in order to maximize their utility to the society. The Marxism, an important economic theory holds on to the point that there are no notable difference s in social classes regarding their needs and wants. Nevertheless the true message of the theory is that all humans should be treated equally in the eyes of economics and there should be negligible impact of social boundaries on the commitment of the resources it is written in the book â€Å"State power could caretaker of the existence (Hall 1992 pp 32). Thus, the state will have the ultimate responsibility of fulfilling the needs and wants of the citizens. According to Marx’s viewpoint â€Å"the presence of politics in the society is a representation of classes and their goals and objectives† (Hall 1992 pp 31) and the above mentioned economic authority is having an unconstructive view of politics in general. But in a more practical sense the model of politics presented by Marx is supporting dictatorship as there is no provision for public opinion. Furthermore the Marxist ideas about political activities were implemented by the Soviet Union in the form of State govern ed Socialism The profound failure of the above mentioned political system supports that democracy has a tendency to prevail under adverse situation because it is more accommodating towards the human nature as it supports freedom of speech and choice. However socialism thrives on the idea of protecting the capital so that it can be used for the greater good of the society. But in this kind of system people starve by the millions because the state never

Western civilization.The Atlantic slave trade,protestant revival and Essay

Western civilization.The Atlantic slave trade,protestant revival and the two revolutions - Essay Example Atlantic Slave Trade was a direct consequence of the practice of slavery that existed in Medieval Europe and the colonial world. With the discovery of the Americas, slavery and slave trade became more pervasive since the European colonists needed cheap labor. Atlantic Slave Trade was a trade phenomenon that started during the 16th century. The Portuguese were the pioneers of this trade system. Soon, several European powers followed the techniques and trade routes of the Portuguese. Slave trade began to flourish rapidly as the European powers were rivaling each other to establish vast overseas colonial empires. Discussion As Christopher Columbus had discovered the New World, Europeans began to migrate towards the West in the search of fortune. They gathered in the North and South Americas and rapidly annihilated the native peoples. In this way, communities like Sioux Indians, Incas, Aztecs, Red Indians, etc. were cornered. Now, the European settlers needed to clear the forests, create towns and cities, and exploit the natural resources of the new found continents. Hence they needed cheap labor. (McKay et al, 2011) Europeans were colonizing in Africa too and had defeated the Arabs on a number of occasions. Hence, they carried on their imperial expansion across Africa and conquered several countries. Here, they captured and/or kidnapped large numbers of Africans and enslaved them. These slaves were transported as merchandise units to the New World so that they could be used as cheap labor for plantations, agriculture, clearing the forests and several jobs like that. Hence, it can be deduced that the reasons for both the beginning and success of Atlantic Slave Trade were the same: The theory of demand and supply. The innocent Africans were carried away from the present day countries like Sierra Leon, Senegal, Nigeria, etc. and used as bonded labors throughout their lives. Along with this, they were subjected to horrible torture and life conditions by their masters, who mostly neglected even their minimum well being. Freed slaves like Olaudah Equiano later came out with the accounts of these atrocities. Direct and indirect experiences about the tortures meted out to the African slaves started to build opinion against slave trade among the Europeans and White Americans themselves. Ultimately, humanitarian people in Europe and America abolished slavery and slave trade in a step by step manner by the end of 19th century. (McKay et al, 2011) Conclusion Atlantic Slave Trade was one of the most heinous crimes of world history. According to McKay et al (2011), â€Å"The Atlantic slave trade grew enormously as colonial plantations used slaves to produce commodities for trade.† Yet, it should be kept in mind that the Europeans and colonists themselves came forward to abolish it. First, the British Empire declared slavery illegal and then the American Civil War delivered the death blow to this practice. Thus, â€Å"public outcry at slaveryâ€⠄¢s horrors† (McKay et al, 2011) was the main reason behind the decline of Atlantic Slave Trade. Question 2 Pick one group in the â€Å"Protestant Revival† and talk about the aims, ideas, goals, and people behind it in 300-500 words. Answer Introduction Protestantism had originated in Medieval Europe. Thinkers and reformers like Martin Luther began the Protestant Movement, which primarily aimed to establish the right of the common people to learn and understand religion with more openness, freedom, and humane values. The European immigrants to America brought these ideas from Europe and looked for religious emancipation in the New World too. During the middle of 18th century, the First Great Awakening of Protestant Revival took place that was going to change

Traits of a Functional Manager Essay Example for Free

Traits of a Functional Manager Essay A managers role in any organization is the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. (Jones,2011,pg. 4). Now that we have all of the hoopla out of the way and we have a word for word description of what management is, we will now discuss exactly what a managers role is as far as the employee goes and then maybe touch on what a manager should do, and how he should act to be effective. Management of 25 years ago has changed drastically throughout the years. Management, especially upper management, ruled the roost and usually had a reputation for being feared or somebody who could administer discipline with no remorse. This is the management of long-ago. Even though we describe the role of the manager in a typical organization today, there are still certain traits that a manager should have and with these traits a manager will excel in applying the four functions of management. A managers role in a company or organization is spelled out above, but in laymans terms a manager is expected to directly control or lead employees by example and organization to make sure that the job is done right. This would include directing certain employees or subordinates to make sure there is plenty of material available to aid in production of a product. A manager must also make sure that an employee running the machine has the raw material available and that the machine is set up within specs to put out a salable, prime product. After the product is manufactured a manager must also make sure that the product is delivered to either the next process, quality inspection, or shipping. This will depend on the type of product being made and exactly what is being produced. A manager is also required to make sure that the hours of the employees are accounted for and remunerated accordingly. Depending on what type of management, a human resources manager would be concerned with making sure that the organization has employees that are correctly skilled to the right level to aid in the manufacture of the organizations product. A manager can have many roles in an organization, this is why there are different levels of management ranging from first line managers, middle managers, top managers, and the CEO or owner of the organization. If all the management and employees work together as one, an organization or company should run like a well oiled machine. One of the traits that I think that a manager should possess and will excel him at his job is agreeableness. In order to be a decent manager you must be high on the level of agreeableness. If you attain this level you will be well-liked, and get along very well with others including other managers. This would be a big plus while maintaining the four functions of management. In the planning stage of any project is definitely a lot better to deal with people if you had a question concerning that project. People will be more apt to talk with you in depth about planning a project or even a company from the base stages and so on if you were a likable person. If you werent well-liked, well I know if I dont like somebody I am very less likely to even talk with the person let alone answer questions in depth. Thats just plain old psychology 101. In all stages of business management you are a well-liked person that people like to talk to, the organizing, leading, and controlling of employees and resources in any organization will flow like water. The reason for this is in all the stages of management there are other employees and even other managers that you will have to deal with in order to organize, lead, or control a situation in the organization. It is much better to deal with these people with a happy face as the text states, The great leaders of tomorrow realized that putting on a human face and communicating with their employees isnt easy if you have a reputation as a subdued, distant or intimidating person. (Walmsley,2003,para. 8). Another management trait that is way up there in my opinion is conscientiousness. This is the tendency to be careful, scrupulous and persevering. (Jones,2011,pg. 80). Of course this is what the text says but how I would describe it would be a person who sees the job through with a keen eye for detail and organization. Managers who have a high level of conscientiousness are a big plus for any organization due to the fact that any tasks that are given to them will be seen through completely to the end with meticulous detail. In the four stages of business management, conscientiousness would be a plus for every stage individually. The planning stage goes without saying because a person who is meticulous and pays attention to details will leave no rock unturned when it comes to planning any stage of an organization. This rings true in the organizing part of management also. An organized manager is one who will have all his ducks in a row, that is knowing exactly where every timecard or order form is. He will know every step of the production process and make himself available. Being very scrupulous according to definition is a big plus in any organizing tasks. In leading employees, a manager should be very careful in how they make statements or handle employees. The careful part of the definition would take care of this to a T because in being a manager one must always be careful when dealing with employees or subordinates due to the fact that you never really know whats going on in another persons life. Body language and demeanor can be read but being careful what you say or how you lead will get the job done. This would be the same instance in controlling the situation and organization, whether it be a person, subordinate, or even another manager, if you are careful how you attack the situation you will surely persevere. The final trait that I would like to propose that all management should possess is extroversion. If a person is highly extroverted they have a tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world. (Jones,2011,pg. 47). In other words a person who is an extrovert or has a high level of extroversion has a tendency to be outgoing, friendly, and socially forthcoming. He would be the one you would like to talk to a party, but in the same instance he would also be the one you would like to discuss a work related problem with. Communication is the horse in which all extroverts ride. He is a manager who will be there when he is needed and even discuss personal problems when queried. A manager who is highly extroverted will be a highly skilled communicator, capable of problem solving. Extroverts dont necessarily have to be intelligent due to the fact that upper-level extroversion is based on positive emotions and moods. Extroverts will also exhibit a high level of agreeableness due to the fact that they are usually well-liked. In regards o the four functions of management, the extrovert would probably be the first one to the management planning meeting and have nothing but great things to say as the outcome. An extrovert will be the first one to congratulate you on a job well done. He would be the one that brought a boost to the moods of anybody else in the meeting. Even though an extroverted manager may bring light to different situations when it comes to social interactions such as meetings or company dinners, they may or may not be organized but in my opinion they would have a high level of control over their subordinates or employees in which they manage. An extroverted manager would be a great leader because of their feel-good attitude and positive emotional imprints. They would definitely possess traits that people would follow and in turn would disperse a feeling of satisfaction with the job. And according to many texts but primarily Singh Ashish, Satisfaction with job has always been an area of concern for both practicing managers and academicians, primarily because of the reason that job satisfaction significantly affects major organizational outcomes, such as individual performance, organizational productivity, employee absenteeism and employee turnover. (Singh,2011,para. 1) This sounds like a very positive reason to have someone capable of spreading a high level of job satisfaction. There are many other personality traits that would be positive in a managers role. Even though we describe the role of the manager in a typical organization today, there are still certain traits that a manager should have and with these traits a manager will excel in applying the four functions of management. Other than those described previously, self-esteem, locus of control whether by internal or external and openness to experience are a few that, depending on which side of the scale you are on, would be positive as a manager trait also. The three that I feel are the most relevant are listed above as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extroversion. If a manager possessed all three of these traits, some in moderation of course, I would for sure have a tendency to hire him or her as fully competent in fulfilling the job of a management position.