Western civilization.The Atlantic slave trade,protestant revival and Essay

Western civilization.The Atlantic slave trade,protestant revival and the two revolutions - Essay Example Atlantic Slave Trade was a direct consequence of the practice of slavery that existed in Medieval Europe and the colonial world. With the discovery of the Americas, slavery and slave trade became more pervasive since the European colonists needed cheap labor. Atlantic Slave Trade was a trade phenomenon that started during the 16th century. The Portuguese were the pioneers of this trade system. Soon, several European powers followed the techniques and trade routes of the Portuguese. Slave trade began to flourish rapidly as the European powers were rivaling each other to establish vast overseas colonial empires. Discussion As Christopher Columbus had discovered the New World, Europeans began to migrate towards the West in the search of fortune. They gathered in the North and South Americas and rapidly annihilated the native peoples. In this way, communities like Sioux Indians, Incas, Aztecs, Red Indians, etc. were cornered. Now, the European settlers needed to clear the forests, create towns and cities, and exploit the natural resources of the new found continents. Hence they needed cheap labor. (McKay et al, 2011) Europeans were colonizing in Africa too and had defeated the Arabs on a number of occasions. Hence, they carried on their imperial expansion across Africa and conquered several countries. Here, they captured and/or kidnapped large numbers of Africans and enslaved them. These slaves were transported as merchandise units to the New World so that they could be used as cheap labor for plantations, agriculture, clearing the forests and several jobs like that. Hence, it can be deduced that the reasons for both the beginning and success of Atlantic Slave Trade were the same: The theory of demand and supply. The innocent Africans were carried away from the present day countries like Sierra Leon, Senegal, Nigeria, etc. and used as bonded labors throughout their lives. Along with this, they were subjected to horrible torture and life conditions by their masters, who mostly neglected even their minimum well being. Freed slaves like Olaudah Equiano later came out with the accounts of these atrocities. Direct and indirect experiences about the tortures meted out to the African slaves started to build opinion against slave trade among the Europeans and White Americans themselves. Ultimately, humanitarian people in Europe and America abolished slavery and slave trade in a step by step manner by the end of 19th century. (McKay et al, 2011) Conclusion Atlantic Slave Trade was one of the most heinous crimes of world history. According to McKay et al (2011), â€Å"The Atlantic slave trade grew enormously as colonial plantations used slaves to produce commodities for trade.† Yet, it should be kept in mind that the Europeans and colonists themselves came forward to abolish it. First, the British Empire declared slavery illegal and then the American Civil War delivered the death blow to this practice. Thus, â€Å"public outcry at slaveryâ€⠄¢s horrors† (McKay et al, 2011) was the main reason behind the decline of Atlantic Slave Trade. Question 2 Pick one group in the â€Å"Protestant Revival† and talk about the aims, ideas, goals, and people behind it in 300-500 words. Answer Introduction Protestantism had originated in Medieval Europe. Thinkers and reformers like Martin Luther began the Protestant Movement, which primarily aimed to establish the right of the common people to learn and understand religion with more openness, freedom, and humane values. The European immigrants to America brought these ideas from Europe and looked for religious emancipation in the New World too. During the middle of 18th century, the First Great Awakening of Protestant Revival took place that was going to change

Traits of a Functional Manager Essay Example for Free

Traits of a Functional Manager Essay A managers role in any organization is the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. (Jones,2011,pg. 4). Now that we have all of the hoopla out of the way and we have a word for word description of what management is, we will now discuss exactly what a managers role is as far as the employee goes and then maybe touch on what a manager should do, and how he should act to be effective. Management of 25 years ago has changed drastically throughout the years. Management, especially upper management, ruled the roost and usually had a reputation for being feared or somebody who could administer discipline with no remorse. This is the management of long-ago. Even though we describe the role of the manager in a typical organization today, there are still certain traits that a manager should have and with these traits a manager will excel in applying the four functions of management. A managers role in a company or organization is spelled out above, but in laymans terms a manager is expected to directly control or lead employees by example and organization to make sure that the job is done right. This would include directing certain employees or subordinates to make sure there is plenty of material available to aid in production of a product. A manager must also make sure that an employee running the machine has the raw material available and that the machine is set up within specs to put out a salable, prime product. After the product is manufactured a manager must also make sure that the product is delivered to either the next process, quality inspection, or shipping. This will depend on the type of product being made and exactly what is being produced. A manager is also required to make sure that the hours of the employees are accounted for and remunerated accordingly. Depending on what type of management, a human resources manager would be concerned with making sure that the organization has employees that are correctly skilled to the right level to aid in the manufacture of the organizations product. A manager can have many roles in an organization, this is why there are different levels of management ranging from first line managers, middle managers, top managers, and the CEO or owner of the organization. If all the management and employees work together as one, an organization or company should run like a well oiled machine. One of the traits that I think that a manager should possess and will excel him at his job is agreeableness. In order to be a decent manager you must be high on the level of agreeableness. If you attain this level you will be well-liked, and get along very well with others including other managers. This would be a big plus while maintaining the four functions of management. In the planning stage of any project is definitely a lot better to deal with people if you had a question concerning that project. People will be more apt to talk with you in depth about planning a project or even a company from the base stages and so on if you were a likable person. If you werent well-liked, well I know if I dont like somebody I am very less likely to even talk with the person let alone answer questions in depth. Thats just plain old psychology 101. In all stages of business management you are a well-liked person that people like to talk to, the organizing, leading, and controlling of employees and resources in any organization will flow like water. The reason for this is in all the stages of management there are other employees and even other managers that you will have to deal with in order to organize, lead, or control a situation in the organization. It is much better to deal with these people with a happy face as the text states, The great leaders of tomorrow realized that putting on a human face and communicating with their employees isnt easy if you have a reputation as a subdued, distant or intimidating person. (Walmsley,2003,para. 8). Another management trait that is way up there in my opinion is conscientiousness. This is the tendency to be careful, scrupulous and persevering. (Jones,2011,pg. 80). Of course this is what the text says but how I would describe it would be a person who sees the job through with a keen eye for detail and organization. Managers who have a high level of conscientiousness are a big plus for any organization due to the fact that any tasks that are given to them will be seen through completely to the end with meticulous detail. In the four stages of business management, conscientiousness would be a plus for every stage individually. The planning stage goes without saying because a person who is meticulous and pays attention to details will leave no rock unturned when it comes to planning any stage of an organization. This rings true in the organizing part of management also. An organized manager is one who will have all his ducks in a row, that is knowing exactly where every timecard or order form is. He will know every step of the production process and make himself available. Being very scrupulous according to definition is a big plus in any organizing tasks. In leading employees, a manager should be very careful in how they make statements or handle employees. The careful part of the definition would take care of this to a T because in being a manager one must always be careful when dealing with employees or subordinates due to the fact that you never really know whats going on in another persons life. Body language and demeanor can be read but being careful what you say or how you lead will get the job done. This would be the same instance in controlling the situation and organization, whether it be a person, subordinate, or even another manager, if you are careful how you attack the situation you will surely persevere. The final trait that I would like to propose that all management should possess is extroversion. If a person is highly extroverted they have a tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and feel good about oneself and the rest of the world. (Jones,2011,pg. 47). In other words a person who is an extrovert or has a high level of extroversion has a tendency to be outgoing, friendly, and socially forthcoming. He would be the one you would like to talk to a party, but in the same instance he would also be the one you would like to discuss a work related problem with. Communication is the horse in which all extroverts ride. He is a manager who will be there when he is needed and even discuss personal problems when queried. A manager who is highly extroverted will be a highly skilled communicator, capable of problem solving. Extroverts dont necessarily have to be intelligent due to the fact that upper-level extroversion is based on positive emotions and moods. Extroverts will also exhibit a high level of agreeableness due to the fact that they are usually well-liked. In regards o the four functions of management, the extrovert would probably be the first one to the management planning meeting and have nothing but great things to say as the outcome. An extrovert will be the first one to congratulate you on a job well done. He would be the one that brought a boost to the moods of anybody else in the meeting. Even though an extroverted manager may bring light to different situations when it comes to social interactions such as meetings or company dinners, they may or may not be organized but in my opinion they would have a high level of control over their subordinates or employees in which they manage. An extroverted manager would be a great leader because of their feel-good attitude and positive emotional imprints. They would definitely possess traits that people would follow and in turn would disperse a feeling of satisfaction with the job. And according to many texts but primarily Singh Ashish, Satisfaction with job has always been an area of concern for both practicing managers and academicians, primarily because of the reason that job satisfaction significantly affects major organizational outcomes, such as individual performance, organizational productivity, employee absenteeism and employee turnover. (Singh,2011,para. 1) This sounds like a very positive reason to have someone capable of spreading a high level of job satisfaction. There are many other personality traits that would be positive in a managers role. Even though we describe the role of the manager in a typical organization today, there are still certain traits that a manager should have and with these traits a manager will excel in applying the four functions of management. Other than those described previously, self-esteem, locus of control whether by internal or external and openness to experience are a few that, depending on which side of the scale you are on, would be positive as a manager trait also. The three that I feel are the most relevant are listed above as agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extroversion. If a manager possessed all three of these traits, some in moderation of course, I would for sure have a tendency to hire him or her as fully competent in fulfilling the job of a management position.

The High Cost of Nuclear Weapons Essay examples -- Nuclear Weapons Ess

Throughout the entirety of the twentieth century, the most disputed topic of discussion has perhaps been that of nuclear weapons. Some people argue these weapons of mass destruction are vital to the survival of order and decency in the world, while others contend that nuclear weapons will bring an end to civilization as we now know it. Regardless of both of these arguments, there are two things that just about nobody can deny – nuclear weapons are extremely expensive and enormously destructive. The first thing to know about nuclear weapons is exactly how much money they have cost the United States? Since the first government supported work on nuclear weapons began in 1940, the United States has spent approximately $4 trillion on its nuclear arsenal as of 1995. This figure is roughly 3 times what the United States spent on World War II. It should also be mentioned that with overhead costs required to develop, produce, deploy, operate, support, and control these weapons, the total would come to approximately an extra $500 billion to $1 trillion dollars once all known costs are documented. Since the conclusion of World War II in 1945, nuclear weapons have been held accountable for the consumption of one quarter to one third of the United States’ military budget. Currently, the figures are a bit more gentle on the United States’ annual budget but still astronomical in its own right. Annually, the United States spends at least $33 billion on nuclear weapons and weapon-related activities, which is equivalent to about 13 percent of all military spending. Of this $33 billion, $8 billion is spent annually on nuclear waste management, environmental remediation, weapons dismantling, and disposition activities. The majo... ...o referred to as an â€Å"enhanced radiation weapon.† This bomb is in the 1 to 10 kiloton range minus the outer casing of uranium. The neutron bomb emits a spray of neutrons that is lethal for a distance of a few hundred meters. Unlike x-rays discharged from conventional nuclear bombs, the neutrons penetrate a considerable thickness as in steel and concrete (RC p. 56-64). These particular bombs are designed for battlefield use, not cities. The blast this bomb produces is equivalent to about half of a regular nuclear blast, yet still potent. Bibliography - Clough, Richard. The Dawn of Nuclear Development. Albuquerque: Academia - El Norte, 1994. - Tompkins, Harry. Effects and Costs of the Nuclear Research Project. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. - Voss, Milton. The Aftermath of a Nuclear Blast. Boston: Houghton, 1993.

Nursing Career Essay -- Career Choice

I believe that nursing is both and art and a science consisting of psychosocial and biological sciences that work together to continually improve the health care field. I believe that with the knowledge and clinical experience from the TVCC ADN program I will be able to provide the best care possible to the people in the community. As a nurse it is important to carry the attributes of being caring, compassionate, understanding, non judgmental, realistic, open-minded, honest, ethical, and moral. I also feel that it is important to maintain sensitivity to all cultures when providing care. I believe that nursing care starts at the client’s birth and continues throughout their life span. I believe t continued care includes heath promotion, health maintenance, teaching and end of life care. I...

Boost Juice Case Study Essay

3 reasons for Boost Juice experiencing economies of scale 1 – Purchasing inputs and raw materials in bulk †¢ Buying in bulk means that the average cost of each unit of raw material is cheaper than if each unit was bought individually †¢ In one year alone, Boost juice goes through more than 35 tonnes of mangos and you still have all of the other range of fruits that are bought. Therefore buying in bulk means that the average cost of the raw material decreases which therefore, using the value chain, means that the average cost per output decreases as output increases. †¢ As the order value increases, a business obtains more bargaining power with suppliers. It may be able to obtain discounts and lower prices for the raw materials 2- Cheaper marketing costs pet outlet †¢ Due to the rapid expansion of boost since it was established in 2000 (on average one new boost store opens every 4 days) has meant that the cost of advertising per outlet has decreased (e.g. if you had one outlet and advertising cost $10,000 and then the business expanded to 10 outlets it would mean that cost of advertising per outlet would go from $10,000 to $1000) †¢ This has enabled boost to undergo further marketing strategies which in turn brings more consumers to the product meaning that the price of each unit output would decrease 3- Economies of scale can be defined as reductions in costs per unit of output as output increases and so therefore arise when the cost per unit falls as output increases. They are the ‘savings of size’ if a firm is able to increase the size of its plant or operations in the long run production period. A business that is experiencing economies of scale in the present is the smoothie and juice making company called Boost Juice. Established in  2000, Boost Juice, managed by successful entrepreneur Janine Allis, is a business that has been able to be extremely successful through domination of their market and a number of marketing strategies that has enabled them to grow in size and thus currently be experiencing economies of scale. Since the very first Boost Juice was opened in 2000, the next 6 years saw the opening of 189 new stores and the rapid growth is still occurring today. There are two main types of economies of scale, internal and external each of which are leading factors as to why a business may currently be expericing economies scale. Within this case study of the highly profitable and highly successful business Boost Juice I will be discussing 3 of the reasons why Boost Juice are currently experiencing economies of scale which are bulk buying, cheaper marketing costs and —————— As stated above, economies of scale can occur due to both internal and external factors. One of the key internal factors of which has led to Boost Juice experiencing economies of scale is bulk-buying of raw materials and other inputs. Bulk buying can be defined as buying goods/ materials/ other inputs in large quantities which becomes highly relevant to business that are undergoing or have already expanded as a business due to the cost benefits that are associated with bulk buying. The leading cost benefit associated with the bulk buying is that the average cost of each unit of raw material is far cheaper that if each unit were bought individually. As businesses grow its essential that they order larger quantities of production inputs so that they can meet the increased demand and production. As the order value of wanted raw materials increases a business is able to obtain monopsony (buying) power with its supplier/s. This is extremely applicable to Boost Juice. Boost Juice is a highly successful fruit juice retailer thus requiring extremely large quantities of fruit (along with the other needed inputs). In one year, Boost Juice goes through more than 35 tonnes of mangoes alone and when you consider all of the other fruits that Boost Juice will have to purchase as inputs there is an extremely large quantity of fruit that needs to be supplied. Therefore buying in bulk is much more cost effective as it makes the unit price per input much cheaper through the cost volume benefits of buying in bulk. Therefore, Boost Juice has been able to experience economies of scale in the present through bulk  buying which drastically reduces the unit price per input, which reduces the cost of output.

Jefferson and Hamilton on essays

Jefferson and Hamilton on essays Andrew Jackson was elected by the people and sought to act as the direct representative of the common man. Through his determination, Jackson helped to shape the democratic party as the prototype of the modern political organization. In Andrew Jacksons presidential inauguration speech of 1829 Jackson foreshadowed his triumphs in office, stating that: The Federal Constitution must be obeyed, states rights preserved, our national debt must be paid, direct taxes and loans avoided, and the Federal Union preserved. These are the objects I have in view, and regardless of all consequences, will carry into effect. Jacksons first modification in office was rewarding his political supporters with office positions, forming a cabinet of close friends and family who became known as the Kitchen Cabinet. This concept of rewarding political supporters with public office positions had existed since the founding of the republic. However, Jackson stretched this system and made it a policy of his administration to prevent the growth of an entrenched bureaucracy. Jackson replaced several experienced political veterans with his own democratic followers in what he called rotation in office. In 1832, Senator William L. Marcy of New York, defended Jackson and the rule that to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy. Thus, the rotation in office was renamed the spoils system. Jacksons desire for a rotation in office can be paralleled to Jeffersons conflict with the judiciary system during his first term in office. Jefferson and the Republicans saw the federal judiciary branch as the opposition party and a potential obstruction to the administration. He viewed the midnight judges as null and void and eventually repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801. However he was admonished by Chief Justice John Marshall in the infamous case Marbury vs. Madison for withholding the authority of the judges...

Feasibility of Mango Shake Essays

Feasibility of Mango Shake Essays Feasibility of Mango Shake Essay Feasibility of Mango Shake Essay Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Food is arguably the most important thing when it comes to a person’s life. Everyone eats, no matter what kind of diet they tend to have. Everyone just really eats food and that. The great thing about food, however, is that they tend to be quite unique to its location. A dish could be popular worldwide, but it can also be very local and specific to an area. This is mostly due to the fact that food largely reflects local culture. The ingredients and how the food is cooked say a lot about a specific region or country. Siomai in general is a popular food, not only in the Philippines but also in other countries. This is due to its delicious taste and simple preparation. Globally, this type of dimsum originated in Guangdon China (shumai). The other names for siomai are shaomai, shuimai and shewmai or which are traditional Chinese dumplings serve in dim sum. There are many regional version of shumai in China such as huhhot version and cantonese version and from Jiangnanregion. Its introduction and wide acceptance in parts of the world like in the Philippines and other south East Asian Nations, inevitably resulted to the evolution of many varieties, methods and preparation and using different ingredients(The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, 2009). That’s why siomai industry is becomes very popular because of its unique taste and one of the easiest to make. In Inner Mongolia,huhhotshaomaiis considered one of the oldest varieties of shaomai. Within the dimsum tradition of the southern china, it is one of the most standard dishes. : This is also popular in Vietnam they called it as â€Å" xiumai† one of the producer of siomai and in Japan â€Å" shumai† has also great indication demand of siomai. (Dictionary. coms 21st Century Lexicon, 2011). And in Hongkong many large dim sum restaurants offers scores of different varieties and one of those varieties is the siomai. The larger specialist dim sum restaurants will usually prepare up to 100 of them on any day. In the Philippines, food scene siomai has been causing quite a stir. Low total investment but faster Return on investment (ROI). With the proliferation of all kiosk and roadside stores selling freshly steamed and sometimes friedsiomai at a very affordable price. The family can now fully enjoy the delicious Chinese dumplings any days of the week without losing a big chunk of the already tightbudget (HsiungDeh-Ta. , 2005). In Pangasinan,specifically in Dagupan City, siomai also serves as one of the most popular light meal or snack in malls and sup ermarket. It is a welcome reprieve for the mothers who have kids and who love the tasty dumplings so much, but do not have the required time to regularly prepare one. There are franchisedstalls, such as MasterSiomai, Red Ninja, Siomai House and Shaolin shomai which targets students amp; working people. Chinese restaurants such as a Chowking, North Park, Davids Tea House, Flavors of China, Gloria Maris and many other restaurants also serve this. The proponents decided to enter in this kind of business not only to gain profit but also for their business to generate more employment in Dagupan City, Pangasinan. This is not only for the proponents benefit but also for the community of Dagupan City and to other places as well. Conceptual Framework The researchers used the Input-Process-Output Model in this study. The inputs of this study consist of the five aspects of the business as to market aspect, technical aspect, organizational and management aspect, financial aspect and socio- economic aspect. Descriptive survey method was used in gathering data and information. The formulation of questionnaires, conducting of surveys and one-on-one interview were the instruments used. The output of this study is the feasibility of Q-mai. Feasibility of Q-mai House Input ProcessOutput Descriptive Survey Method, Formulation of questionnaires, Conducting of Surveys, One-on-one interview Figure 1. 1 Research Paradigms As to Market As to Technical As to Organizational and Management As to Financial As to Socio-Economic Statement of the Problem The study sought to determine the feasibility of Q-Mai House, Oh my Q-mai!. Specifically, it sought answer to the question:What is the feasibility of Q-Mai House, Oh my Q-mai, as to: a) Marketing aspect; b) Technical aspect; c) Management aspect; d) Financial aspect; e) Socio-Economic aspect; Assumption The researchers assumed that: 1. Q-mai can be consumed in all seasons, thus, the demand is said to be highly relative. 2. There is no market that offers quail egg siomai in Dagupan City, hence, there is no direct competitor in the industry. 3. The application of a sole proprietorship as a form of business organization is an advantage because it is relatively simple to manage and control. 4. The Q-mai House will help the economy by providing employment and will also help the Government raise its revenues to settle expenses by paying taxes. Significance of the Study This feasibility study onQ-mai House in Dagupan City will benefit the following; Businessmen. This study will provide business people especially the beginners, a background about this business. It will answer the questions: How to start? How to do it? What is needed? And most especially, whoare the potential costumers? Thus, it will prepare the would-be-businessmen on what are the possible risks that should be anticipated involving this type of business. Customers. This study will benefit the customers because they could avail of a product that is affordable, nutritious, safe and readily available. Students. This is useful and interesting as a study guide and basis for those who are taking as a Bachelor of Business administration, that will undergo research, thesis and feasibility subject. Government. This studyhelps to improve our economy as a new and successful business through the business tax that should pay by the proposed business. With effort and interest the government may benefits more, though to the market being collected upon it. Scope and Limitations This study sought to determine the feasibility of Q-mai House as to market aspect, technical aspect, organizational and management aspect, financial aspect and socio-economic aspect. The proponents used descriptive survey method with questionnaire and interview as the primary sources of data and internet and library research as sources of secondary data. To gather data on the market aspect, questionnaires were distributed to and answered by a total of 378 students of University of Luzon. As to the technical, financial, management and socio-economic aspects, observation and interview of existing competitors, internet and library materials were the sources of data. Further, SPSS 17 was used in analyzing the data collected. Definition of Terms Business. Thisisan economic system in which goods and services are exchanged for one another or money, on the basis of their perceived worth. (BusinessDictionary. com , 2011) Entrepreneur. This is someone who exercises initiative by organizing a venture to take benefit of an opportunity and, as the decision maker, decides what, how, and how much of a good or service will be produced(BusinessDictionary. com , 2011). Feasibility Study. This is an analysis and evaluation of proposed project to determine if it is feasible to market, technical, organizational and management, financial and socio-economic aspect. Financial Aspect. Thisis a study which includes total project cost, major assumptions, projected financial statement and financial analysis. Market Aspect. Thisconsists of market programs and strategies, description of the product, the analysis of demand and supply, and price study. Organizational and Management Aspect. Thisincludes nature and form of the business, legal requirements, organizational structure, human resource management process, management style and pre-operating activities. Technical Aspect. Thisis the discussion of the basic and operation flow of the project. This factorresponds to the technicalities and basic structure of the proposed study. This includes the list of equipments, materials, structure plan and also the source of the supplies use in the proposed project. Business plans, utilities, facilities, layout designs and location. Social Responsibility. Thisis the obligation of an organizations management towards the welfare and interests of the society in which it operates (Baker, 2008). Socio- economic Aspect. This is a field of study that examines the social obligation and responsibilities, and economic contribution of the proposed business.

A Quiz About Parallel Structure

A Quiz About Parallel Structure A Quiz About Parallel Structure A Quiz About Parallel Structure By Mark Nichol Many writers are thwarted by unsuccessful efforts to express equivalent ideas in phrases that clearly identify the hierarchy and relationships of those ideas. Here are five sentences in which syntactical structure fails to communicate these concepts. Try your hand at resolving the confusion, and then compare your results to my solutions at the bottom of the page: 1. â€Å"Learn to use this art form not only for performance but also to collaborate, exercise, and respect the differences of others.† 2. â€Å"Children enrolled in high-quality preschool programs are more likely to graduate from high school, hold down jobs, and less likely to be on welfare or end up in jail.† 3. â€Å"She will be returned to the same, or a substantially similar, position to the one held prior to the leave of absence, as required by law.† 4. â€Å"They pulled him from his vehicle, beat him, robbed him of his money and equipment.† 5. â€Å"Dedication, hard work, flexibility, a sense of humor, and the interest and ability to learn and improve professionally are some of the positive qualities the company seeks in all employees.† Answers 1. This sentence isn’t strictly incorrect, but it would be clearer if it didn’t lead the reader to infer that the additional benefits of the art form are that participants can collaborate the differences of others, exercise the differences of others, and respect the differences of others. That implication is eliminated if the preposition to is inserted before the second and third items in the list: â€Å"Learn to use this art form not only for performance but also to collaborate, to exercise, and to respect the differences of others.† 2. This sentence has contrasting â€Å"more likely† and â€Å"less likely† phrases, but includes two of one and one of the other, and the second â€Å"more likely phrase† is confusingly cordoned off by commas, leaving it bereft of context. To make the sentence correct, the brace of commas must be omitted and a conjunction added: â€Å"Children enrolled in high-quality preschool programs are more likely to graduate from high school and hold down jobs and are less likely to end up on welfare or in jail.† 3. This type of error is distressingly frequent, considering that it seems obvious that if the parenthetical phrase is removed, the sentence is awkward, therefore the original sentence is awkward. One of several possible fixes is to get the trailing phrase out of the way immediately by moving it to the head of the sentence, then presenting the fully expressed basic statement followed by the alternative: â€Å"As required by law, she will be returned to the same position held prior to the leave of absence, or a substantially similar one.† 4. Here’s another common error the omission of a conjunction before a concluding compound list item. As written, the sentence implies that there were four stages to the crime: 1) They pulled him from his vehicle, 2) they beat him, 3) they robbed him, and 4) equipment. Huh? That’s wrong. Only three things occurred; items 3) and 4) are one step. Because that one step is the final list item, it should be preceded by a conjunction: â€Å"They pulled him from his vehicle, beat him, and robbed him of his money and equipment.† 5. Interest and ability take different prepositions, so they need to be separated into parallel phrases where each word is supported by its own preposition: â€Å"Dedication, hard work, flexibility, a sense of humor, and the interest in learning and improving professionally and the ability to do so are some of the positive qualities the company seeks in all employees.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowCannot or Can Not?The Two Sounds of G

Economic Development and Increasing Solution in Developing Countries Coursework

Economic Development and Increasing Solution in Developing Countries - Coursework Example Conclusion- This part of the paper summarizes the key findings that are contained in the body of the article. This summary includes a re-statement of thesis statement and findings. This section also offers a possible solution for the problem stated in the introduction and analyzed in the main body. The Links between Economic Development and Increasing Pollution in Developing Countries Introduction Economic growth and development are directly linked to environmental pollution. Research has shown that economic development acts as a catalyst for increased levels of pollution and vice versa (Faucheux & O'Connor, 2002, p. 115). However, the relationship between economic development and pollution in developed and developing countries is fundamentally different. This is because; this relationship/link is influenced by a different factors. This paper evaluates the factors that form the link between increasing pollution and economic development in developing countries. ... This scenario is slowly changing and developing countries such as Brazil and India have higher levels of environmental pollution. This shift is linked to the economic development of third world countries. Even though development countries are aware of the bio-diversity and climate repercussions that occur due to environmental pollution, they opt to prioritize their economic development so that they can be able to support their large populations. One of the key features of developing countries is large populations and high birth rates. Most developing countries decide to focus on economic growth in order to address the immediate challenge of feeding their populace. Since the repercussions of increased population are less immediate than starvation these countries make the choice to focus on economic development (Kramer, 2001, pp. 321-322). In contrast to developed nations, the economies of developing countries are still highly dependent on ‘heavy industries’. Such industri es contribute greatly to increased environmental pollution. In this era of globalization, developing countries often perceive any attempts to steer them away from reliance on such ‘heavy industries’ as interference which is aimed at derailing their economic development. This is because they are often economically weak and unstable, developed countries are often incapable of establishing industries that cause less harm to the environment (Schmandt & Ward, 2000, p. 184). In fact it is almost inconceivable for most developing countries to consider giving up profitable (but environmentally degrading) industries and establish new ‘green industries’. Due to globalization, most countries need to remain competitive in order to attain economic development.

Debt crisis in europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Debt crisis in europe - Essay Example In October 2009, the beginning of the global financial crisis in addition to Greece public debt admittance, glimmered shock throughout global markets as the full extent of Euro zone debt levels occurred (3). This paper will analyze the causes of this debt crisis, possibility of its persistence, its implications as well as some mitigation measures to curb the crisis. In May 2010, Greece became the first EU country to get assistance from EU and the IMF worth 110billion Euros. Some of the Greece greatest matters that have continuously led to debt crisis have been its high level of public debts and its augmented budget shortfalls. In the year 2001, Greece already had a public debt beyond 100% of GDP, when it was joining the Euro. The adoption of the euro currency facilitated more approving terms for the refinancing of government debt, and the augmented GDP growth. However, Greece faced certain limitations, for instance impossibility to diminish the currency due to being members of the euro zone, and the lack of aggressiveness of its economy partially because of over hiring and overpayment in the public domain (Minescu, 99). In Italy, the global recession tightly shook trade activities, credit as well as trade confidence. The global decrease in demand reduced Italy’s sales overseas, constricting Italy’s private expenditure and productivity. In addition, the country’s joblessness rate persists to be the lowest amongst Europe’s debt-ridden nations. However, terror of adverse market reactions has restricted Italy’s capability to use economic policy to encourage its economy. By the year 2010, the general public debt increased to approximately 116.7% of GDP (Sandoval et al, 7). In Ireland, the global financial crisis hit the country in a very different way from the other affected countries. In Ireland, there was no compound plagiarism or the shadow banking systems. In the past decade, Ireland became a country of property developers and that is the only

The American Military Adventure In Iraq And Philippine Essay

The American Military Adventure In Iraq And Philippine - Essay Example The Philippines became an independent democratic country that is seen to today to be more or less a success. This may bode well for Iraq, a country that has been through terrible times and now seems to be improving. This essay will look at how these two actions by the United States were very similar. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 created a new era of American foreign policy. Some critics might call this policy expansionist, and although that is certainly an important element of it, it was also motivated by a desire to spread principles of democracy and good governance. Many idealists of the period believed the principles at the heart of the U.S. Constitution were universal and should be shared with everyone. By the end of the 19th century, the Monroe Doctrine was to come into full effect in a war with the Spanish. Not only would the Americans take control of Spanish possessions in the Caribbean such as Cuba, Puerto Rica, and other islands, but as the war expanded so would the remit of the Monroe Doctrine. The United States would gain control of the Philippines, far from its own shore, and attempt to remake the Spanish colonialism political system in its own image. The result would be a bloody conflict fought with Filipino insurgents that would take America many years to quell. Following the American victory over Spain and the taking of the Philippines, there was a great deal of tension between the U.S. and the locals. This came to a head in 1899 when American soldiers shot some Filipinos. Things quickly got out of hand with both sides raising armies and fighting conventional wars. The Americans rapidly defeated the convention Filipino forces, killing two of their best generals and pacifying many of the urban areas. But as the Filipinos fell back, they regrouped as guerrillas and had huge local support.

Advanced mechanical design analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced mechanical design analysis - Essay Example The structure given for analysis is simply supported using the rollers at both the ends.The beam element consists of three separate pieces.Two pieces of longer span both connected to the end portions while the middle piece the smaller one, connects both the longer pieces using an assembly of pin joints. The loads to which the beam is subjected consist of three concentrated loads, one having a magnitude of 26 KN acting at the centre while the loads of magnitude 18 KN and 20 KN acting at 0.9 m and 1.1 m from both the ends. The connection provided in the members undertakes the roles of transfer of loads from one member to the other besides acting as means of support. As the connections are specified as pinned the members are given the freedom to rotate. The pinned connections are provided to facilitate the large deflection possible in the bridge element. In case stiff connection like welded connections are provided it would create additional stress in the body due to the induced rigidit y of the connections. As the rigidity in the pinned connections are every low the members wouldn't experience any stress concentrations created by rotational effects or reaction forces.The objective of the problem is to determine the stresses in the four different beam cross sections and also the deflection caused when different beam cross sections are used. The beam theory is adopted whenever the structural analysis is required on a member characterized by significant span, L, comparable depth, D, and width, W. Thus the bending theory says that M/I = f /y= E/R. Where M is the maximum bending moment, I is the moment of Inertia, f is the maximum fibre stress, y is the depth to the outermost fibre from the neutral axis, E is the modulus of elasticity and R is the radius of gyration. The stresses and the deflection caused in the beam from the external loads depend on length of the beam or span and the depth of the beam. Also, the stresses and the deflections in the beam shall be expres sed as the functions of shear force and bending moment. Thus it is very necessary to obtain the shear force and bending moment diagram. For the given problem the shear force and bending moment diagram shall be determined, it is shown separately as the hand calculations. The finite element analysis was undertaken using the MYSTRO AND LUSAS finite element software where the FEA models were formed using the command files than CAD interface systems. This approach even though was a little tedious and complex was described by separate set of commands. The success of FEA technique lies in the planning and preparation of suitable mesh arrangement for the problem to be addressed. The objective is to identify the most optimum mesh size arrangement that gives the most accurate stress distribution with in reasonable time for analysis. The region of high stress in the beam could be meshed very fine and those outside the region could be discretised using coarse mesh. The elements used for the discretisation is arrived based of variety of trial models. The elements that are used in the final analysis is three dimensional hexahedral elements which has eight nodes with each node having three degrees of freedom. These elements are geometrically linear and has an assu med internal strain field. They are sued to model the beam flanges and connecting plates. The beam webs are modelled using the three or four noded elements having 5 degrees of freedom and the connections are also modelled using hexahedral elements. The material used is assumed to behavior in the linear field. The modulus of elasticity and poisons ratio given in the problem could be used for the analysis. The beam is restrained to move in the vertical direction. The roller supports provided would give the model a free movement along it longitudinal direction. Three dimensional beam element refers to the element that have two nodes and each node having six degrees of freedom. Three translation motion and three rotational motion are the

Integrated Case Study Analysis (Prediction markets at Google). Order

Integrated Analysis (Prediction markets at Google). Order 1111879 - Case Study Example It also aims to find if the product will be successful in the market. The case study actually involves the idea of Bo Cowgill, who is an employee of Google, who joined Google in 2003 after finishing his undergraduate degree in public policy in Stanford. The basic aim of the project was to find improved ways to utilize the huge amount of information, which was at the disposal of the company. Friedrich Hayek and the Iowa Electronic Markets had tried to harness this potential amount but had failed initially to implement this idea. The main problem identified in the employees was the lack of non-monetory motivation. The employees were not interested in earning extra money but wanted to be recognised in the organisation. Thus the HR aspect of Maslow’s Heirarchy of needs can be identified as one of the main issue in this case study. Another issue that cropped up was the high involvement of the employees in the prediction market that hampered the work output of the employees. The report is case analysis based on the prediction market of Google. In the case study, there are several problems related to different domains of management and those have been identified in order to come up with a suitable solution. The different problems identified have been segregated into different parts pertaining to their respective domains such as marketing, finance, human resource, etc. In the end, each of the problems have been analysed in order to find an appropriate solution for each of them. All these solutions have been discussed keeping in mind the success of Google Prediction Markets (GPM) as an effective product for the general public at large. The case study is an in depth discussion of the Google Prediction markets from the origin of the idea and the implementation of the concept into a successful product. We are all aware of Google Prediction market or the idea of a prediction market in general. They are very similar to stock market where there is the

Advanced mechanical design analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced mechanical design analysis - Essay Example The structure given for analysis is simply supported using the rollers at both the ends.The beam element consists of three separate pieces.Two pieces of longer span both connected to the end portions while the middle piece the smaller one, connects both the longer pieces using an assembly of pin joints. The loads to which the beam is subjected consist of three concentrated loads, one having a magnitude of 26 KN acting at the centre while the loads of magnitude 18 KN and 20 KN acting at 0.9 m and 1.1 m from both the ends. The connection provided in the members undertakes the roles of transfer of loads from one member to the other besides acting as means of support. As the connections are specified as pinned the members are given the freedom to rotate. The pinned connections are provided to facilitate the large deflection possible in the bridge element. In case stiff connection like welded connections are provided it would create additional stress in the body due to the induced rigidit y of the connections. As the rigidity in the pinned connections are every low the members wouldn't experience any stress concentrations created by rotational effects or reaction forces.The objective of the problem is to determine the stresses in the four different beam cross sections and also the deflection caused when different beam cross sections are used. The beam theory is adopted whenever the structural analysis is required on a member characterized by significant span, L, comparable depth, D, and width, W. Thus the bending theory says that M/I = f /y= E/R. Where M is the maximum bending moment, I is the moment of Inertia, f is the maximum fibre stress, y is the depth to the outermost fibre from the neutral axis, E is the modulus of elasticity and R is the radius of gyration. The stresses and the deflection caused in the beam from the external loads depend on length of the beam or span and the depth of the beam. Also, the stresses and the deflections in the beam shall be expres sed as the functions of shear force and bending moment. Thus it is very necessary to obtain the shear force and bending moment diagram. For the given problem the shear force and bending moment diagram shall be determined, it is shown separately as the hand calculations. The finite element analysis was undertaken using the MYSTRO AND LUSAS finite element software where the FEA models were formed using the command files than CAD interface systems. This approach even though was a little tedious and complex was described by separate set of commands. The success of FEA technique lies in the planning and preparation of suitable mesh arrangement for the problem to be addressed. The objective is to identify the most optimum mesh size arrangement that gives the most accurate stress distribution with in reasonable time for analysis. The region of high stress in the beam could be meshed very fine and those outside the region could be discretised using coarse mesh. The elements used for the discretisation is arrived based of variety of trial models. The elements that are used in the final analysis is three dimensional hexahedral elements which has eight nodes with each node having three degrees of freedom. These elements are geometrically linear and has an assu med internal strain field. They are sued to model the beam flanges and connecting plates. The beam webs are modelled using the three or four noded elements having 5 degrees of freedom and the connections are also modelled using hexahedral elements. The material used is assumed to behavior in the linear field. The modulus of elasticity and poisons ratio given in the problem could be used for the analysis. The beam is restrained to move in the vertical direction. The roller supports provided would give the model a free movement along it longitudinal direction. Three dimensional beam element refers to the element that have two nodes and each node having six degrees of freedom. Three translation motion and three rotational motion are the

Assimilation, pluralism, and multiculturalism models, and include Essay

Assimilation, pluralism, and multiculturalism models, and include their historical timelines - Essay Example In this instance, the groups maintain their elements of their identities such as their culture, language and their other form of cultural practices or the traditions. Pluralists in this instance, believe that they can only allow intermingling of their culture with the modern aspects of life. Such aspects include education, music, art, history, cuisine and other relevant aspects of life (Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco, & Qin-Hillard, 2010). It refers to the evolution of the diversity of culture within a given limit that took place in the past. The evolution of the culture was under the influence of the selection, institution, and the settlement policies. It entails the conjunction of two or more groups due to the demographic features that surround them. The Hispanics regarded themselves as not the same as the Americans’ while some of them could speak both English and Spanish could not fully assimilate into the American culture. Hispanics were also more liberal and conservative in comparisons to the Americans decided not get assimilated into the American culture (GarciÃÅ', 2005). The relationship between these people and the natives was very worse. It was not possible for them to socialize with the natives since there was a lot of racial discrimination regarding their skin culture. Almost in all sectors in the United States, these people never interacted with the natives or the real American citizens by birth. As such, they ended up, not getting assimilated into American culture (Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco, & Qin-Hillard, 2010). The wave of the assimilation that was to occur for the Native Americans was to undergo the assimilation that involves the acceptance of the foreign culture from the Europeans. The foreigners were at those times majorly the colonialists in the country. Europe agitated for a standard form of education system all over the world, but the Americans believed that theirs was more superior and decided to follow

The Man I Killed Essay Example for Free

The Man I Killed Essay â€Å"The Man I Killed† the author Tim O Brien is the character in the story but the story does not use first person. This is because the story is not revolved around him but revolved on the man he has just killed in the Vietnam war. The character in this story focuses on the dead mans physicality and the story he has fabricated for him. The character in this story seems to be in shock because he does not speak or stop looking at the dead soldier, â€Å"Kiowa shook his head. There was some silence before he said, â€Å"Stop staring Talk to me† (p. 797-798) In the story â€Å"The Lives of the Dead†, the narrator is Tim O Brien who tells the story of his first love who happens to be his first death. This story is in first person and he describes how he keeps those he has known alive by telling stories about them, â€Å"When I write about her now, three decades later, its tempting to dismiss it as a crush, an infatuation of childhood, but I know for a fact that what we felt for each other was as deep and rich as love can ever get. † Tim also describes his experiences in the war, â€Å"I remember the smell of burnt straw; I remember broken fences and torn-up trees and heaps of stone and brick and pottery. † (p. 799) The repetition of dialogue in â€Å"The Man I Killed† gives the readers a sense of truth in the story and imagery of what the dead man looked like for the character. As the character repeats over and over again what the man looked like and what his life was like before the war, it gives the readers a sense of the psychological affects the war had on men. Using these techniques of imager and dialogue repetition in this story allowed me to get a deeper feeling of what shock and guilt felt like for these men. Although the reader may not have intended for me to feel these emotions this is what I felt during the reading. It allowed me to understand how the character consoled himself and also punished himself. For me if I imagined the youngs mans life before the war and I took that away, I would consider this as a form of punishment. Imagery is very detailed in both stories because one of them describes the man he has just killed, â€Å"His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole † (p. 795) and the soldiers fabricated life story, â€Å"He had been born, maybe, in 1946 in the village of My Khe near the central coastline of Quan Ngai Province, where his parents farmed † (p. 795) In the other story he describes his first live, her death  at age 9, and his experiences in the war especially with death, â€Å"The place was deserted-no people, no animals- and the only confirmed kill was an old man who lay face up-near a pigpen at the center of the village. † (p. 799) The imagery of the people he has lost and his experiences with them allow the readers to get a feeling of how many people the narrator has lost or has seen died. We are allowed to get a feeling about death and the certain ways those around him coped with it and how he did too. In the story â€Å"The Man I Killed† the character copes with his first kill in war by providing him with a story. He gives the young man a story which in turn gives him symbolically life. His life becomes to have meaning and he is no longer thought as a dead man but a person who had dreams, a wife, and longing to be far away from war, â€Å"He had no stomach for violence. He loved mathematics And as he waited, in his final year at the university, he fell in love with a classmate, a girl of seventeen The use of Linda in the war story, â€Å"The Lives of the Dead† is to show his readers how he coped with his fisrt death who happened to be his first love. Linda, a girl at the age of 9 died from a brain tumor which devastates Tim O Brien who than begins to dream about her at night which provides him comfort knowing that in his dreams she still lived. This is how Brien coped with the deaths he experienced in war, â€Å"But ths too is true: stories can save us. Theyre all dead. But in a story, which is kind of dreaming, the dead sometimes smile and sit uo and return to the world. † (p. 799) The author story tells, metafiction, to keep those that have lost their lives from truly dying. Through the form of story he keeps them living and although these are stories of fiction, to the author it is preserving their lives. In the story â€Å"The Man I killed† he preserves the fallen soldier by inventing a fictitious life for him. For Linda and his fellow comrades he gives them stories too. â€Å"But in a story I can steal her soul. I can revive, at least briefly, that which is absolute and unchanging. Its not the surface that matters, its the identity that lives inside. † Just as he imagines them and dreams of them, his stories become their new lives where they continue to live on. He knows if he continues to create these stories, they will never die and through this we can see the power of storytelling. â€Å"and sometimes I can even see Timmy skating with Linda under the yellow floodlights. Im young and happy. Ill never die. †

Change Management And Systems Implementation

Change Management And Systems Implementation Introduction This essay is about the importance of change management in information systems development and discusses about the issues that will be the result of change in an organization and also the relationship between change management and system implementation. This essay will explain the theories with related examples that were the implications of change in an organization and will critically evaluate and discusses some ideas from my personal point of view. This essay will reflect upon my understanding of change management that I have learned from this module. Change and Change Management Change management is important in any kind of organisations and especially in information system development. It is a structured way to manage change. According to Disraeli as quoted in (Gilley, 2005) Change is constant. Change is present everywhere. The change can be in an individual, in a group or in an organization. When an individual is motivated to do something different, the change that happens in an individual is the main reason for the whole word to change. Since the individual is associated with groups, and groups are related to other groups to form an organisation, the important process in part of change depends on all individuals, groups or teams, and organisations and leaders also have an important responsibility in the process of change. (Cameron Green, 2009). Technology, globalization, society and evolving legislation forces many organisations to change constantly. The organisations ability to effectively implement change decides the success of the change process which completely depends of the person involved in managing the change. Change is necessary for an organisation nowadays because of competetive pressures and to meet the current customer needs. According to (Gilley, 2005), every four or five years, organisations findings planning to undertake major organisational changes and atleast once a year to undertake moderate organisational change. So change management is inevitable in every organisations to successfully manage the process of change. The induction of this module started with the justification for the need of IT professionals to know change management. Most of the projects related to Information Technology failed due to various reasons in which one would be due to poor change management. According to (Burnes, 2009) Brindle study states that UK government had to admit the failure of its 170 million pounds programme to change the old computer systems that holds the whole countrys National insurance records was a chaos that collapsed the system and leaving the social security number into agitation. According to (Burnes,2009) Done and Willman stated that the main reason for the BAs Terminal 5 debacle was the failure of its cutting-edge computerized baggage handling system. According to (CMSI Lectures, 2010, Week 1, Slide 11), the role of the IT professionals would be working in a team with other professionals, designing the system which other people will use, expecting how they will use the system and explaining the u sers how to use the system to their maximum potential. A change management process involves all the above mentioned roles of an IT professional. These points provided me a complete justification and understanding of the need of change management for a person like me who is an IT professional. The following week I learned about different type of systems and different types of implementations involved in an IT project, other considerations for an implementation, the reason for the implementation and the process of implementation. The different kinds of systems are software such as applications and desktop, hardware system and infrastructure systems such as buildings and network. The facts that should be consider while implementing a system are the level of knowledge in the system, technology, the level of importance with the system and people, whether it is in sourced/outsourced and using the maturity models. According to (Okrent Vokurka, 2004), there are three types of implementation 1) Pilot implementation in which the prioritized functional area which gives the most benefits is implemented first 2) Parallel implementation in which the change is tested in both old and new systems parallel and 3) Big bang implementation in which the data is migrated from old system to the new system all at once which is the most risky implementation. The big bang implementation is considered as most risky implementation since most of the projects implemented this way fails. For example, Heathrow Terminal 5 project was implemented using Big bang implementation. The cutting-edge computerized baggage handler system was considered to be one of the hardest-working IT systems as said by BAA and British Airways(BA) before its launch of the system and it didnt work when it was to work. (Swabey, 2008). There are different types of change such as reactive and proactive change, incremental and All at once change, planned and emergent change. According to (Orlikowski Hofman, 1997) the different types of change are planned(anticipated), emergent and opportunity-based change. Planned change is the change that is well planned and it happenes as we planned. Emergent change is the change which occurs spontaneously out of some experimentation which is not planned. The opportunity-based change is the change that is not planned but introduced purposefully to meet the opportunities that were not expected. Some various issues and aspects of change management can be illustrated with a case study: GK Printers Limited Background: GK Printers Limited is a small printing business established after the Second World War.It is a family business in which the current managing directors father established the business. The company was involved in printing jobs along with producing publicity catlogues for local companies, business cards and stationeries. The business went down due to various reasons such as recession, no computerised printing techniques and no graphics designed printing. This made the managing director to form some strategy along with the printing manager in which the first phase was to subcontract the printing works with graphical design instead of investing more money in new equipments. The company grew very well and they had a good profit and bought new equipments. In 1989, due to its growth in business, it was complicated to manage printing, designing and managing the subcontracting activities all together. The second phase of planned change was to manage companys costing system, controlling paper work and production scheduling. After many discussion, the company planned to install Computer Based System(CBS) and it took two years completely to install the working system after purchasing hardwares and refining the softwares according to the companys requirement. Training were provided to the users and also some managers to use the system effectively. The company had a growth again with their successful installation of CBS and they managed the changes that happened in their organisation. All the changes were in organisation and there were no change in the managerial behaviour of the organisation. The problem again aroused since the customers wants the company to reduce the cost of printing due to recession and they were giving smaller orders. This made GK to think about their survival. Since they were getting only smaller orders, their production cost remained the same and if they want to reduce the price to retain the customers, they will not have any profits. To find a soluti on, the managing director approached the marketing and design manager to come up with the problems and solutions. The manager came up with the problems and suggested to increase the design business by employing more design staffs. The senior staffs didnt agree and there were no decisions taken after the meeting. This made the managing director to consider and he approached a team builder to organise the teams inside the company. The team builder came up with a report that all the managers in the company are working and fully committed for the companys success and the negative point was the way the managing director approach for solutions. He made decisions himself or to consult only with one manager to make up with the decisions. The managing director was upset with this shock and he said he always wanted a team work in the company and henceforth all the decisions will be taken by consulting everyone in the management. This made the managers happy and they were asked to come up with solutions, and after six months, GK met all their customer requirements with the solutions the team came up with and there was a considerable growth in the business. The company also developed the business of designing and developing the websites for its customers in which this business was an accidental development and the managing director created a separate department for this business which become the most profitable and fastest growing part of GK. (Burnes, 2009:383-395) According to my personal point of view on the above discussed case study, the organisation had three phase of change which means this is a phased implementation. Even though the strategies were not planned and it emerged due to the problems, the approach to the change was planned rather than emergent approach. In the first two phase of changes, the company had changes in the organisation but not in the behavioural which led to some failures such as poor coordination and cooperation between the teams and managers and also the fighting for the position between managers. These led the company for the third phase of change which was the behavioural change in which all the members of the organisation understood and cooperated to work together and also the managin director decided to take decisions after discussing with the appropiate teams. The human implications of the change process can be noted in the above case study. When GK want to change their manual system to computerized system, the workers themselves suggested some companies to GK to discuss about the CBS system. The managing director gave the responsiblities of CBS system to the group of people who were the students analysing GKs requirements to install the systems and write softwares for the system. All the organisation changes that were made in the first two phases and the behavioural change that were made in the third phase were accepted by the individuals in the organisation. According to (Burnes, 2004) Lewin was interested to analyze the origins for change and he wants to understand why people dislike change. Lewins theories includes about the planned change embarked by the organization and unintended change that happens suddenly due to some contingencies, the three stage model (Unfreeze-movement-refreeze) and models of changes. But in this case study, t he organisation has no individuals who resisted change. According to (CMSI Lectures, 2010, Week 4, Slide 16) Mintzbergs definition of strategy as five P s can be applied on this case study as a prescriptive stream since the strategy preceds change and implementation flows from the strategic plan. Some of the plans involved in the GKs strategy was to make the manual systems computerized, meet the customer requirements and build a good team in the organisation. Some of the ploys involved were to provide customers with graphical design service and to satisfy all kind of customer needs.The position of GKs place in the market is high and they are one of the best among in providing creative website development for the customers. In contrast to the planned approach, the example of Volvos approach which is one the leading Swedish motor vehicle manufacturer to reorganising vehicle production from the traditional methods of car assembly can be taken as an approach to change as emergent. The decisions are based from the workers of the company and it is completely based on the group work in which Volvos approach to change is unique in its way in which it considers human-centered approach to work. A consultant is a person who is having skills that are different or unique and they have different perspective on an issue. The reasons for using this consultancy approach includes requirement of extra staff resources, on a temporary basis, need for expert help and knowledge to deal some situations, look differently about a particular situation and for outside opinion and disinterested information. (Nachimuthu, 23 November 2010). In the above case study, since no one in the organisation were aware of the changes to be brought, the managing director approached a lecturer at a polytechnic who is the friend of printing manager, in which the lecture suggested one of his student studying business can act as a consultant for the companys improvements. The student worked as a consultant, studied the company for two months and produced a report of the organisationss finding to the managing director and the printing manager which was the basis for the change in the organisation. Management involves doing things right whereas leadership involves doing the right things. Management is about maintaining stability and leadership is about bringing the change. Management processes focus on the present and leadership processes focus on the future. Management processes involves implementing policies and procedures whereas leadership processes involves creating a culture based on shared values. Management processes uses the power of their position and leadership processes uses the personal power. Leadership roles get strengths with different personality types. (CMSI Lectures, 2010, Week 7, Slide 21). For example, the case study that I was using in the seminar about the Shell Company fostering its new level of individual power can be taken. The leadership skills and personality types of Chris Knight were discussed. The case study explains the strategies followed by Knight. Chris knight was a good leader with skills such as motivation, knowledge of the business and abil ity to manage the change and system implementations that turn around the growth of Shell. (CMSI Seminars, 2010, Week 7) Whether if it is planned or emergent approach to change, if it is at individual, group or organisation level change, or incremental or continuos change, there should be one person to manage the change and take responsibility of the change. Change agent is the one who takes that responsibility who can be a managers, internal or external consultants or it can be a team. (Burnes, 2004) states that Expect the unexpected might be the motto of most change agents since the change agents should be capable of dealing with the unexpected.If I was an agent of change in the Heathrow Terminal 5 project, I would have tested the computerized baggage system with more load and would have given training to all staffs in how to get to the parking area and especially how to handle the baggage system. I would have not compromised on testing as the chief executive of BA did on the Terminal 5 project. (Massey, 2008). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion on various issues of change, its implication on human as an individual and groups within an organisation, the different types of approaches to change, the need of consultants and importance of leadership that the knowledge of change management is inevitable in any organisation for a successful system implementation in which the GK case study is an example. The need of change management, its relationship with systems implementation and its importance in Information Technology is justified from the above discussions. [Word Count: 2508]

Essay --

Eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico Introduction Even though the Midwestern United States produces the majority of the country’s agriculture to date, this immense agricultural activity in the Midwest region has not only degraded the land itself but also the water in the regional rivers and tributaries, which is all interconnected in the network known as the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (also referred to as MARB). The MARB (Figure 1) covers an extensive 1,245,000 square miles and drains out into the Gulf of Mexico, where over the years it has accumulated an increased and dangerous amount of agricultural runoff pollution, namely nitrogen and phosphorus. Over the years, researchers have identified and pointed to several human interactions that have contributed to the degrading and toxic ecological changes occurring in the Gulf of Mexico. However, only 3 human interactions have been chosen as part of the focus for this research project, all of which will be introduced later in the paper. In addition to the human inter actions that accelerates the degradation of the water in the GoM, it also important to note that the continual increase and accumulation of excess nutrients resulting from runoff is defined as eutrophication and is a true real world problem that must be reduced before water becomes uninhabitable. Eutrophication. What is it? Eutrophication is â€Å"the process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates. These typically promote excessive growth of algae. As the algae die and decompose, high levels of organic matter and the decomposing organisms deplete the water available oxygen, cause the death of other organisms, such as fish. Eutrophication is a natu... ...to the MARB, primarily from the application of agricultural fertilizers. Agriculture has caused an increase in the flow of nutrients from chemical fertilizers into bodies of water. The excess nutrients change the chemical composition of the water, impacting biological life forms in the affected areas. Sewage is another major source of nutrient flow to the Gulf. There are sections of lakes and oceans all over the world affected by eutrophication and hypoxia, and this has not only biological effects but also economic and social problems. The largest hypoxic area in the western Atlantic Ocean is found in the Gulf of Mexico. The biological repercussions of eutrophication, in the form of habitat alteration and entire trophic structure disintegration are devastating to the Gulf; remediation, though costly, must be put into effect in order to bring life back into the area.

Elementary School and Middle School Essay

Transitioning from elementary school to middle school is something we all have or had to do! Most kids cringe at the thought of making this huge step in life. For many students this transition can be a time of mixed emotions. Having been through this experience, I will compare and contrast the two, hoping that this will give you a clear picture of elementary and middle school. Elementary and middle school have distinguishable characteristics. In elementary schools, you basically have your homeroom teacher and one other teacher. The movement of students is very limited and you are mostly escorted by a teacher. Teachers are more understanding and are not as demanding because of the student’s age. Fun days are set aside as an award for students that have done what is expected of them. Most of the children are placed in classroom with the same students each year. Elementary school is very important in our young student’s lives; this is where it all starts. However, middle school students are expected to execute their daily tasks without assistance. Teachers are there to direct the students in right direction; everything else is left up to the student. Middle school students have several different classes, in each class it is usually a different teacher. Students have lockers to store their books and other supplies. In middle school students are required to be more independent and serious about school. Elementary school set the pace for all other levels of schooling. Students enter elementary school learning all the basic aspects of school system and the learning process. At this stage in life most students are eager to learn and get excited to learn new things. Elementary is the main point of delivery, it introduces social skills, behavioral adjustments, and basic academic learning. Middle school prepares students for higher education. Ultimately, middle school bridges the gap between elementary and high school. It is definitely a different experience than elementary, but it prepares students for their future and encourages them to be more independent. Elementary schools and middle schools also have common qualities. They are both open Monday through Friday on the same days. Each day students eat lunch at a designated time. All students are expected to sit in desks in an appropriate manner. Teachers require students to be respectful and display good behavior at all times. Homework is given on a daily basis and class discussions are routine also. School is essentially school with minor differences. Each school level has its own pro’s and con’s, they are also very similar. They each have their own benefiting factors and they are used to their advantage. School systems up this way because it is initially what works in our culture. Elementary and middle schools are stepping stones that that help us get from one place to another in our academic life. Each level is an important standpoint for academic excellence and they should be taken seriously so that you can be an effective student/learner.

Evaluating Advertising Campaign

Evaluating Advertising Campaigns It is through the process of review and evaluation that an organization has the opportunity to learn and develop. In turn, this enables management to refine its competitive position and to provide for higher levels of customer satisfaction. The use of marketing communications is a management activity, one that requires the use of rigorous research and testing procedures in addition to continual evaluation. This is necessary because planned communications involve a wide variety of stakeholders and have the potential to consume a vast amount of resources. The evaluation of planned marketing communications consists of two distinct elements: The first element is concerned with the way the ad communicates. Thus, it deals with the development and testing of individual messages. An advertising message has to achieve, among other things, a balance of emotion and information in order that the communication objectives and message strategy be achieved. To accomplish this, testing is required to ensure that the intended message is encoded correctly and is capable of being decoded accurately by the target audience. This testing could be pre or post testing. The second element concerns the overall impact and effect that a campaign has on sales once a communication plan has been released. This post-test factor is critical, as it will either confirm or reject management’s judgement about the viability of their communication strategy. THE ROLE OF EVALUATION IN PLANNED COMMUNICATIONS The evaluation process is a key part of marketing communications. The findings and results of the evaluation process feed back into the next campaign and provide indicators and benchmarks for further management decisions. The primary role of evaluating the performance of a communications is to see that the advertising objective has been met and that the strategy has been effective. The secondary role is to ensure that the strategy has been executed efficiently, that the full potential of the individual promotional tools has been extracted and that resources have been used economically. TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE? Companies are generally interested in finding whether they are overspending or underspending in advertising. One way to figure that out is to use the formula given below. Share of voice is the company’s share of advertising expenditure that earns a share of the consumer’s mind, and ultimately the market. Comparing that to market share provides an idea as to the feasibility of the company’s ad spend. An advertising effectiveness ratio of 1 means an effective level of ad expenditure, while a ratio less than 1 indicates a relatively ineffective advertising level. As can be seen from the above table, firm A spends Rs. 20 lakhs of the total industry expenditure of Rs. 35 lakhs. Thus, its share of voice is 57. 1%. However, its market share is only 40%. So we can say that firm A is either overspending or misspending. Firm B has a market share equal in proportion to its share of voice. It spends effectively on advertising, while firm C is super efficient, and could probably increase expenditures.

Kidney Stone Ncp

Kidney Stone Care Plan Admitting Diagnoses: Client not being admitted at this time Current Diagnosis: Ureteral Calculi Other Medical Diagnoses: HTN, Hyperlipidemia, Kidney stones, Smokes Tobacco, Tonsillectomy-child age yrs. Pathophysiology: Urinary calculi are solid particles in the urinary system. They may cause pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuria, and, possibly, chills and fever due to secondary infection. Diagnosis is based on urinalysis and radiologic imaging, usually noncontrast helical CT. Treatment is with analgesics, antibiotics for infection, and, sometimes, shock wave lithotripsy or endoscopic procedures.About 1/1000 adults in the US is hospitalized annually because of urinary calculi, which are also found in about 1% of all autopsies. Up to 12% of men and 5% of women will develop a urinary calculus by age 70. Calculi vary from microscopic crystalline foci to calculi several centimeters in diameter. A large calculus, called a staghorn calculus, can fill an entire renal calyc eal system. About 85% of calculi in the US are composed of Ca, mainly Ca oxalate. Composition of urinary calculi; 10% are uric acid; 2% are cystine; most of the remainder are Mg ammonium phosphate (struvite).General risk factors include disorders that increase urinary salt concentration, either by increased excretion of Ca or uric acid salts, or by decreased excretion of urine or citrate. Urinary calculi may remain within the renal parenchyma or renal pelvis or be passed into the ureter and bladder. During passage, calculi may irritate the ureter and may become lodged, obstructing urine flow and causing hydroureter and sometimes hydronephrosis. (Preminger, MD, 2012) Common areas of lodgment include the ureteropelvic junction, the distal ureter, and the ureterovesical junction.Larger calculi are more likely to become lodged. Typically, a calculus must have a diameter > 5 mm to become lodged. Calculi ? 5 mm are likely to pass spontaneously. Even partial obstruction causes decreased gl omerular filtration, which may persist briefly after the calculus has passed. With hydronephrosis and elevated glomerular pressure, renal blood flow declines, further worsening renal function. Generally, however, in the absence of infection, permanent renal dysfunction occurs only after about 28 days of complete obstruction.Secondary infection can occur with long-standing obstruction, but most patients with Ca-containing calculi do not have infected urine. Preminger, MD, G. M. (n. d. ). Nephrolithiasis; stones; urolithiasis. Retrieved from http://www. merckmanuals. com/professional/genitourinary_disorders/urinary_calculi/urinary_calculi. html Textbook clinical symptoms: The major manifestation of stones is severe pain, commonly called renal colic. Flank pain suggests the stone is located in the kidney or upper ureter. Flank pain that extends toward the abdomen or to the scrotum and testes or the vulva suggests that stones are in the ureters or bladder.Nausea, vomiting, pallor, and d iaphoresis often accompany the pain. Frequency or dysuria occurs when a stone reaches the bladder. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571 Actual symptoms: Flank pain extending toward the abdomen, dizziness, sweating, and nausea w/o vomiting. Patient states his pain is an 8/10 on the pain scale. Pain is described as constant and sharp with no alleviating factors. Complications or potential complications: Potential; Hydroureter, hematuria, hydronephrosis, abrasion, oliguria or anuria, and infection. Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010) pg 1571-1572 Safety Issues: Fall risk level – Low, but still a potential complication from patient’s c/o dizziness from pain. Delegation Issues: Assist patient when ambulating. |Client Data | |Age | |38 | |Physical Exam (include all body systems) | (Physical Exam) | |Age | |38 | | | |Male | | | |Height | |69. in | |Weight | |180lb | |Temp | |99F | |Pulse | |90 | |Apical Pulse | |88 | |Resp | |20 | |BP | |169/71 | |BP supine | |( Noted | |O2 Saturation | |100% RA | | | | | |NEURO: nonfocal, AXOX4, c/o pain. |HEENT: Denies headache; PERRLA, Ears unobstructed, symmetrical, no loss of hearing, Nares are clear, w/o drainage or obstruction, Oropharynx is clear w/ | |membranes pink in color and intact, Neck is supple with full range of motion, | |INTEGUMENT: Skin warm, moist-diaphoretic, intact w/saline lock in RU-AC, dressing is clean, intact, non-tender, free of redness. | |CARDIOVASCULAR: No JVD noted, apical pulse regular at 88bpm, S1/S2 auscultated, no c/o chest pain/pressure | |distal pulses palpated in all extremities, capillary refill

Boardman Management Analysis and PRF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Boardman Management Analysis and PRF - Essay Example ion has been made, the introduction of communication technology has to be viewed as an occasion in the life of an organization that affects the processing of information by knowledge workers. With the implementation of new processing systems, an external parameter has been introduced within the organization that changes the creation and manipulation of information. The fundamental question arising is concerned with the relationship between this external parameter and the agents – knowledge workers – of the organization. Boardman Management should take into account its current system and future goals connected with business expansion and future development. As new technology is introduced, knowledge workers have to make media choices that translate into alternative ways of processing information. These media choices are made in the context of having to achieve an expected level of individual performance. In these circumstances, knowledge workers appropriate the technology according to their needs and given organizational norms. Although top management may have a specific output in mind, the invested new software technology is adopted by organizational members who make the eventual decision regarding the use of the technology. The underlying idea is that new software technology is created and changed by human action, yet it is also used by people to accomplish organizational aims. Knowledge workers may, for example, decide to use group support systems for the purpose of generating ideas, yet refuse t o use these for overcoming conflicts (Laudon and Laudon 2005). Boardman Management should take into account current problems and skills deficiencies, routine work and complexity of organizational structure. This means that workers are limited in their full range of media choices. Furthermore, political processes within organizations demand the negotiation of appropriate media choices. These negotiation processes adhere to established social patterns that have

Quantitative and qualitative assignment wk3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quantitative and qualitative wk3 - Assignment Example The need for undertaking simultaneous changes, in this case, is to ensure that other problems that might arise after implementation of a particular solution is foreseen and planned for if or not sorted in the first step. In any market niche, survival of a particular business highly depends on the handling of challenges and constraints faced (Pettie,  2010). It is crucial in any business to understand the structure of formation of the network through a good understanding of several terminologies used in network theory or rather network analysis. A tree refers to the interconnections of the sub-graphs in a system without the nodes in the system containing complete loops. A spanning tree, in this case, is that part of the tree that contains all the vertices and is in the form of a complete tree on itself. A particular tree, for instance, has various spanning trees that extend in different directions. On the other hand, minimum spanning tree refers to the sub-graphs that have the least summation in terms of weight and lengths. These are crucial parameters in various aspects of a particular business and thus the success of the business partly depends on good understanding of the

What Intergenerational Communicationand Aging means for my own life, Essay

What Intergenerational Communicationand Aging means for my own life, now, and in the future - Essay Example h this course and analyzing related materials, I learned the importance of changing mindsets and communication and relationship goals, so that I can treat and interact with the elderly with respect and recognize and respond to their needs for autonomy and social support, and so that I can pursue a model for successful aging that balances physical and psychological needs and aspirations. Through Comm 119 lectures and various other reading materials, as well as my analysis of my own interactions with the elderly, I realized that social stereotypes about aging and the elderly contribute to the self-fulfilling prophesy of these ageist stereotypes. Cuddy and Fiske (2002) described the various stereotypes of older people that I also practiced in the past, including the grandmotherly and severely impaired stereotypes. I am quite ashamed that I thought that older adults are like babies by focusing on their childish behavior, such as being hard-headed when instructing them to follow proper nutrition practices. I realize now that they are childish (if they are) because of how society treats them. In one of our lectures, the Dallas Morning News (2002) reported that people’s attitudes, and not aging per se, present obstacles to feeling fulfilled during old age (as cited in Giles, 2014a). I agree because I also had the mindset that the elderly, though not all, are the on es making health and social problems by being aggressive in opposing lifestyle or emotional and attitudinal changes that can improve health and social conditions. I would say: â€Å"They can be so hard-headed because they are already old.† By saying this, I frame aging in terms of blaming older people of their health and social issues and aging as the worst phase of mental and psychological development. This kind of framing under-analyzes the needs and goals of the elderly and perpetuates ageism. Besides personal ageist stereotypes, I learned about social institutions that promote ageism and that I must

The American Flatbread Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The American Flatbread - Case Study Example They believe in taking care of the customer and the employee, and always looking out for the best interests of the people, not the business, while maintaining a healthy, fresh, and fun-filled environment to work and eat in. George Schenk is the founder of American Flatbread. He not only owns the business but takes a large role in the daily activities of running the company along with his management team. One of his beliefs is that it does not matter who thought of the best idea; the best idea will be the chosen course of action. In the video, he mentioned that at times there are arguments between the management team, but that each person must swallow their pride for the betterment of the company. He also stated that by giving each employee a voice in the company, it leads to better ideas; and employees take an ownership role in doing the best job they can because they know their opinions matter. Schenk established the Medicine Wheel Project and Organic Food for Public Schools projects that has helped build his name and food philosophies nationwide. He has also written many different articles stating his philosophies and beliefs to the culinary community as well as taking a strong stance in political ac tivities in the state of Vermont. American Flatbread practices many different socially responsible activities that have made it well-renowned. The American Flatbread restaurants hold â€Å"Benefit Bakes†, which are fund raising events to raise money for social causes such as public health clinics and the preserving nature habitats. The company also serves food to medical patients, medical personnel and all of their families through the â€Å"Medicine Wheel† program. Schenk has also demanded that members of the community that are facing tough times can come to American Flatbread and they will have flatbreads on the house. It is important for small businesses to intimately connect with their communities so that as one struggles,

Christian Believes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Believes - Essay Example He gave them the ability to control nature, which was created in order to allow people to have everything necessary for their lives. Many modern scholars believe that Christianity is responsible for the deterioration of the environment and the emergence of serious problems such as global warming, pollution of the planet, etc. However, if one reads the Bible attentively, he/she will see that the Bible urges people to respect nature and the environment based on a rational and careful use of natural resources. God created nature and gave the man the ability to control it: The Bible focuses particular attention on the responsible attitude of people to nature. In particular, in the Old Testament, Jewish people had been instructed to give the land an opportunity to rest for 50 years, so it could be used after (Lev. 25. 8-11). In addition, God forbade the Jews to destroy the trees growing in the cities that they wanted to capture (Deut. 20.19). Thus, Christianity justifies the need to take care of nature, because nature gives people all that they need for their harmonious life. Unfortunately, violence continues to be one of the most common forms of misunderstanding between people. Throughout the world, one can observe various forms of violence that often lead to casualties. As an example of violence, one can consider the type of violence caused by racial hatred. Many countries have faced this serious problem. United States is no exception. In the US, racial hatred led to the death of many people. Many people who have been victims of such violence believed that they had the right to use violence in response. Nevertheless, Christianity represented by the Bible and especially the New Testament opposes any form of violence, in particular caused as a result of racial hatred. Jesus Christ has marked a completely new approach to the problem of violence. He urged people to eradicate violence in the community and learn to love each other,

Should Companies That Fire Shoot First Essay Example for Free

Should Companies That Fire Shoot First Essay Abstract Blogging and tweeting on social media websites have pros and cons for an organization. Companies utilize blogs in order to promote their products and services along with relaying information about the company to the general public. Employers often encourage their employees to participate in various forms of social media. However, management should be aware of the risks and impact to the company’s reputation should the employee publish something that puts the company is a negative light. Keywords: blogging, social media, reputation Tesla CEO Elon Musk was right when he blogged about impending layoffs just before announcing them to company employees Blogging and tweeting can have both positive and negative impacts on the image and reputation of a company. The use of social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, allow employers to encourage their employees to participate in blogs in an effort to promote their brand. Some companies even use these websites as a tool to publicize the operations of the organization. By establishing and maintaining their own company website and blog, businesses are able to control the messages, both positive and negative, that are posted. (Dealbook, 2008) In an effort to intercept negative posts from the media and disgruntled employees, Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk announced on the company’s website blog that in order to maintain positive cash flow, the organization will layoff a significant amount of its workforce. The focus of the company will be developing and improving its product line while ensuring sufficient capital. Elon Musk stated that â€Å"we had to say something to prevent articles being written that were not accurate.† (All, 2008) Cake Financial, an investing advice company, published on their company blog immediately after reducing its workforce  that it was an â€Å"extremely sad day for all of us who have to say goodbye to a group of great people.† (Dealbook, 2008) The company’s CEO, Stephen Carpenter, had drafted the blog and waited until after personally speaking with the employees before publishing the post. Carpenter wanted to make sure that there were no discrepancies as to what and why the layoffs happened. In a statement to the New York Times, Carpenter stated that â€Å"our whole company is built on the idea of transparency in investing, so that was a reason why it was important for us to do it.† (Motivateandinspire, 2009) Employees responsibility when blogging about their company Employees have a responsibility to be careful about what they publish on social media websites about their company. Privacy laws and regulations related to internet use vary by state. Depending on the nature of the content, the employee could be possibly incriminating him/herself by disclosing private information. From an employer standpoint, employee blogging could negatively impact the reputation of the business if the appropriate policies and procedures are not in place. The employer may also be at risk if the employee publishes information relating to trade secrets, financial issues, or other business related matters. (Welch Shiff) Employees should be careful if they publish negative comments about their employer, its customers, and its vendors. Employers typically have zero tolerance with this type of behavior as it can be considered a form of harassment in which the company may subject to legal ramifications (Victor, 2013) The employee risks losing their job and tainting their reputation within the workplace, which may lead to difficulty in obtaining and retaining future employment. The entertainment industry has taken advantage of the posts made on social media blogs. For example, radio stations in the Boston area make prank phone calls on the air referencing previously posted, negative comments regarding clients. The radio personality will reference the content of the blog in an effort to scare or provoke the person being pranked. While these skits may seem comical to the station listener, the effects of the actual prank call may cause harm to a company or an individual. Employees who blog about their companies do not have an ethical  responsibility to disclose their identities Employees posting comments about their employer online do not need to display their name. When employees publish positive comments about their company and its culture, others may ignore the remarks as they may consider the opinions biased. If the employee publishes their name in association with the company, the prospective customer may feel overwhelmed and smothered by knowing the same person is using social media, in addition to traditional methods of advertising, to sell their product or service. On the contrary, when employees publish negative comments about their employer, it make spark a wave of unwanted publicity for the company. Developing a policy for handling communication of sensitive issues, inside and outside, the company Deleting or retracting online posts that have been published can be impossible. Therefore, companies should develop an internet policy for handling communication of sensitive issues both inside and outside the organization. While the company may want employees to express themselves, guidelines should be established. Some of the areas that need to be addressed in a formal, written policy include: (Guerin) a. Personal use and abuse of company property and resources b. Appropriate use of organizations name c. Applicability of existing company policies i. Harassment – inappropriate comments ii. Privacy – disclosing confidential information/trade secrets/financial information/falsifying data/using company logos/using company name to promote products Employers may want to consult with an attorney or human resource specialist in order to ensure that they develop an internet policy that will help to prevent any negative public relations regarding the company and its products and services. Conclusion Since social media is becoming an essential part of the business world, companies should invest in learning about the rewards and consequences of using this source. By obtaining an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages, the company will be more equipped in handling negative (as  well as positive) public relations and have a plan for damage control for repairing their tarnished reputation. References Blogging the Layoff. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/all/blogging-the-layoff/?cs=11727 Employee Posts on Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and Blogs | Nolo.com. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employee-posts-facebook-myspace-twitter-32954.html The Layoffs Will Be Blogged. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2008/11/05/in-era-of-blog-sniping-companies-shoot-first/?_php=true_type=blogs_r=0 Newest blog topic from CEOs: Layoffs | Article | Link Grabber | Leadership training, management skills, employee motivation: ManageBetter.biz. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.motivateandinspire.com/ME2/Audiences/dirmod.asp?sid=04BF7B8C765E455DA06A7B6781ED0847nm=Link Grabbertype=Publishingmod=Publications::Articlemid=8F3A7027421841978F18BE895F87F791tier=4id=7C0FA76B4F4A4E53B4D97C3A4B2487ECAudID=AA83ED248A3241A5AE080E2B6DED1F5F Off-the-clock Harassment Can be Costly: What Emplo yers Need to Know. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.gshllp.com/60-second-memos/off-the-clock-harassment-can-be-costly-what-employers-need-to-know Tesla Motors replaces CEO, plans layoff CNET. (n.d.). Retrieved May 16, 2014, from http://www.cnet.com/news/tesla-motors-replaces-ceo-plans-layoff/ The rules of company blogging: Avoiding employee misuse and abuse. (n.d.). Retrieved May 18, 2014, from http://www.thehrspecialist.com/11584/The_rules_of_company_blogging_Avoiding_employee_misuse_and_abuse.hr?cat=sub_cat=